Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm DNA thiab protein ib ntus yog qhov DNA sib lawv liag yog cov deoxyribonucleotides sib txuas ntawm phosphodiester bonds, thaum cov protein ntau yog cov amino acids sib txuas ntawm peptide bonds.
DNA yog hom nucleic acid. Protein yog ib qho tseem ceeb macromolecule. Ntxiv mus, DNA feem ntau khaws cov ntaub ntawv caj ces los ua cov proteins. Thaum lub sijhawm ntawd, DNA hloov mus rau mRNA, thiab tom qab ntawd mRNA hloov mus rau hauv cov protein. Yog li, DNA ib ntus thaum kawg hloov mus ua cov amino acid ib ntus, uas ua rau cov protein.
DNA Sequence yog dab tsi?
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) yog ib qho nucleic acid uas muaj deoxyribonucleotides. Nws muaj cov ntaub ntawv los ua cov protein. Hauv cov lus yooj yooj yim, DNA muaj cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes uas yuav tsum tau ua rau tag nrho cov proteins. Muaj plaub hom deoxyribonucleotides, nyob ntawm lub hauv paus nitrogenous ntawm nucleotide. Raws li qhov ntawd, peb tuaj yeem sau DNA ib ntus siv plaub tsab ntawv xws li "ATGCGCTTAATTCCG" thiab lwm yam.
Daim duab 01: DNA Sequence
DNA feem ntau tshwm sim ua ob txoj hlua khi. Li no, muaj ob qhov sib txuas DNA sib txuas hauv DNA ob lub helix. Ob txoj hlua txuas nrog ib leeg ntawm hydrogen bonds tsim ntawm purine thiab pyrimidine bases. Qhov kev txiav txim meej ntawm nucleotide sequence yog qhov tseem ceeb. Ib qho kev hloov pauv yuav ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kab mob tuag taus. Txhua lub noob muaj qhov tshwj xeeb DNA ib ntus. Ib yam li ntawd, DNA ntiv tes ntawm txhua tus neeg yog qhov tshwj xeeb thiab pab lawv txheeb xyuas lawv.
Pab Protein Sequence yog dab tsi?
Protein yog ib qho polymer ua los ntawm cov amino acids sib txawv txuas ua ke ntawm peptide bonds. Txhua cov protein muaj qhov tshwj xeeb amino acid ib ntus. Ntxiv mus, txhua cov protein muaj cov noob encoding nws. Cov amino acid ib ntus ua haujlwm raws li cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb rau nws txoj haujlwm, qauv thiab evolution. Muaj nees nkaum amino acids sib txawv uas ua rau cov proteins. Yog li ntawd, cov amino acid ib ntus ntawm cov protein tuaj yeem yog cov sib xyaw ntawm cov amino acids sib txawv.
Daim duab 02: Amino Acid Sequence
Ib qho amino acid sequence muaj ob lub ntsiab lus ua amino-terminal (N terminal) thiab carboxyl-terminal (C davhlau ya nyob twg). Thaum sau cov amino acid sequence, nws pib los ntawm cov amino-terminal thiab mus rau carboxyl-terminal.
Tsis zoo li DNA sequences, amino acid sequences yog sau los ntawm hais txog peb tsab ntawv code ntawm txhua amino acid. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib qho amino acid originates los ntawm peb nucleotides uas sawv cev rau ib codon. Yog li, txhua codon yog sib xyaw ntawm peb nucleotides. Nucleotide kev txiav txim hauv codon yuav txiav txim siab cov amino acid uas yuav tsum tau ntxiv rau cov saw hlau polypeptide thaum lub sijhawm txhais lus.
Dab tsi zoo sib xws ntawm DNA thiab Protein Sequence?
- Ob DNA thiab cov protein sib lawv liag yog cov molecules loj.
- DNA muaj protein-synthesizing genetic ntaub ntawv.
- DNA sequences thiab protein sequences yog tsim lub neej.
Qhov txawv ntawm DNA thiab Protein Sequence yog dab tsi?
A DNA ib ntus yog cov saw ntawm deoxyribonucleotides thaum cov protein ntau yog cov saw ntawm cov amino acids. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm DNA thiab protein ntau. Phosphodiester bonds muaj nyob nruab nrab ntawm deoxyribonucleotides ntawm DNA ib ntus thaum peptide bonds muaj nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov amino acids hauv cov protein ntau. Yog li, qhov no kuj yog qhov sib txawv ntawm DNA thiab cov protein ntau.
Hauv qab infographic qhia cov ntsiab lus ntxiv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm DNA thiab cov protein ntau.
Summary – DNA vs Protein Sequence
DNA ib ntus muaj cov tshuaj deoxyribonucleotides. Nyob rau hauv sib piv, protein sequence muaj ib tug series ntawm amino acids. Yog li, hauv cov ntsiab lus, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm DNA thiab cov protein ntau. Ntxiv mus, txhua nucleotide koom nrog cov nucleotide tom ntej ntawm phosphodiester bonds hauv DNA ib ntus thaum txhua cov amino acid koom nrog cov amino acid tom ntej ntawm peptide daim ntawv cog lus hauv cov protein ntau. Hauv txhua kab DNA, tuaj yeem muaj plaub yam sib txawv ntawm deoxyribonucleotides thaum nyob hauv txhua qhov protein ntau, tuaj yeem muaj nees nkaum amino acids sib txawv.
