Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm DNA thiab chromosome yog lub koom haum ntawm lawv cov qauv. DNA yog ob-stranded coiled polymer tsim los ntawm deoxyribonucleotides thaum chromosome yog cov xov zoo li cov qauv tsim los ntawm DNA molecules nruj coiled nrog histone proteins.
DNA thiab chromosomes yog ob theem sib txawv ntawm cov koom haum ntawm cov khoom siv caj ces. DNA yog ib qho yooj yim qauv tsim los ntawm ob helix ntawm nucleotides. Nyob rau hauv sib piv, chromosomes yog complex, tsim qauv tsim ntawm protein thiab DNA folded nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb yam. Txawm hais tias DNA thiab Chromosome txawv ntawm ib leeg hauv lub koom haum ntawm cov qauv, ob qho tib si ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txiav txim siab lub cev thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev raws li cov khoom tsim los ntawm kev khaws cia.
YDNA yog dab tsi?
DNA sawv cev rau Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid. Nws yog hom tseem ceeb ntawm nucleic acid uas khaws cov ntaub ntawv ntawm caj ces. Watson thiab Crick thawj zaug nrhiav pom thiab piav qhia txog cov qauv ntawm DNA hauv xyoo 1953. Lawv tau piav qhia txog DNA ua ob lub helical qauv. Lub tsev thaiv ntawm DNA yog deoxyribonucleotide. Raws li, deoxyribonucleotide muaj peb yam; uas yog, lub hauv paus nitrogenous uas suav nrog adenine, guanine, cytosine lossis thymine, deoxyribose qab zib, thiab pab pawg phosphate. Ob lub polynucleotide strands koom nrog ib leeg los ntawm hydrogen bonds ntawm nucleotides thiab ua ob helix ntawm DNA. Hauv kev tsim ntawm hydrogen bonds, adenine khub nrog thymine thaum cytosine khub nrog guanine.
Daim duab 01: DNA
Qhov sib lawv liag ntawm nucleotides hauv DNA tseem ceeb heev. Yog li ntawd, qhov kev txiav txim ntawm nucleotides txiav txim siab txoj cai caj ces los tsim cov protein. Yog li ntawd, yog tias muaj kev hloov pauv hauv DNA, lawv tuaj yeem tsim kev puas tsuaj lossis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo lossis tsis cuam tshuam rau txhua qhov. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm DNA yog khaws cov khoom siv caj ces hauv cov kab mob. Li no, yuav luag txhua yam kab mob khaws lawv cov ntaub ntawv caj ces raws li DNA tshwj tsis yog qee tus kab mob retroviruses khaws lawv cov khoom siv caj ces li RNA.
YChromosome yog dab tsi?
Chromosome yog ib qho kev sib koom ua ke ntawm DNA thiab cov proteins. Vim qhov yooj yim ntawm ntim hauv lub nucleus, DNA folds thiab ntim nrog histone proteins thiab ua rau chromosomes. Histone proteins tso cai rau lub folding zoo ntawm DNA. Tsuas yog eukaryotic DNA condenses nrog histone proteins los tsim cov chromosomes. Lub hauv paus qauv ntawm chromosome tsim yog nucleosome. Lub nucleosome txuas ntxiv mus ua chromatin. Thaum kawg, chromatin txuas ntxiv mus rau tsim chromosomes uas tuaj yeem pom thaum lub sijhawm faib ntawm tes.
Daim duab 02: Chromosome
Chromosomes txawv raws li lub koom haum cellular ntawm cov kab mob. Prokaryotes muaj ib lub voj chromosomes. Lawv yog condensed nrog histone-zoo li proteins. Nyob rau hauv sib piv, eukaryotic chromosomes yog loj thiab linear nrog histone proteins. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus naj npawb ntawm chromosomes txawv ntawm kab mob mus rau kab mob. Hauv tib neeg, muaj 23 khub ntawm chromosome, qhov twg 22 khub yog autosomes, thiab 23rd khub yog chromosomes deev.
Dab tsi zoo sib xws ntawm DNA thiab Chromosome?
- Ob DNA thiab Chromosome muaj carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, thiab nitrogen.
- Tsis tas li, ob leeg muaj nucleotides hauv lawv cov qauv.
- Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv muaj adenine, guanine, cytosine, thiab thymine nucleotides.
- Ntxiv mus, DNA thiab Chromosome muaj nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si prokaryotes thiab eukaryotes.
- Thiab, ob qho tib si khaws cov khoom siv caj ces.
Qhov txawv ntawm DNA thiab Chromosome yog dab tsi?
DNA yog macromolecule tsim ntawm deoxyribonucleotides. Nws khaws cov ntaub ntawv ntawm caj ces ntawm lub cev. Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov chromosome yog cov xov zoo li cov qauv linear tsim ntawm nruj coiled DNA molecules nrog histone proteins. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm DNA thiab chromosome. Ntxiv mus, lub tsev thaiv ntawm DNA yog deoxyribonucleotides thaum DNA thiab cov proteins yog lub tsev blocks ntawm chromosome. Tsis tas li ntawd, tib neeg muaj tag nrho ntawm 46 chromosomes hauv ib lub cell thaum tib neeg lub cell muaj ntau lab DNA molecules.
Tsis tas li ntawd, lwm qhov sib txawv ntawm DNA thiab chromosome yog qhov DNA molecules me dua chromosomes. Tsis tas li, qhov sib txawv ntxiv ntawm DNA thiab chromosome yog qhov DNA tuaj yeem pom los ntawm gel electrophoresis thiab microscopy thaum chromosomes tuaj yeem pom los ntawm karyotyping thiab microscopy.
Cov duab hauv qab no qhia ntau ntxiv txog qhov sib txawv ntawm DNA thiab chromosome.
Summary – DNA vs Chromosome
DNA thiab chromosomes yog cov qauv tseem ceeb uas tswj tag nrho cov txheej txheem bioprocesses hauv cov kab mob muaj sia. Hauv kev xaus qhov sib txawv ntawm DNA thiab chromosome, DNA yog qhov yooj yim ob chav helical qauv tsim deoxyribonucleotides. Lawv lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog khaws cov khoom siv caj ces. Hauv kev sib piv, Chromosomes yog cov txheej txheem ntau dua ntawm DNA. Yog li ntawd, chromosomes suav nrog nruj coiled DNA molecules nrog cov proteins xws li histones. Ntxiv mus, lawv pom tau zoo thaum lub sijhawm faib ntawm tes los ntawm microscopy.
