Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm atomic mass thiab molecular hnyav yog qhov atomic loj yog qhov loj ntawm ib lub atom hos qhov hnyav molecular yog qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm cov atoms hauv molecule.
Atoms yog lub tsev thaiv ntawm txhua yam teeb meem. Ib qho atom muaj qhov hnyav; nws yog atomic mass. Atoms tuaj yeem koom nrog ntau yam sib xyaw ua ke, tsim cov molecules thiab lwm cov tebchaw. Cov qauv molecular muab qhov tseeb piv ntawm atoms; Yog li, peb tuaj yeem sau cov qauv molecular rau cov tebchaw. Cov no tseem ceeb hauv kev txiav txim siab qhov hnyav molecular.
Atomic Mass yog dab tsi?
Atoms feem ntau muaj cov protons, neutrons thiab electrons. Atomic mass tsuas yog qhov loj ntawm lub atom. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, nws yog sau los ntawm masses ntawm tag nrho cov neutrons, protons thiab electrons nyob rau hauv ib tug tib atom, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, thaum lub atom tsis txav (so mass). Peb noj cov huab hwm coj ntawm nws so vim, raws li cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm physics, thaum atoms txav ntawm qhov nrawm heev, cov huab hwm coj nce.
Txawm li cas los xij, qhov loj ntawm ib lub tshuab hluav taws xob yog qhov tsawg heev piv rau qhov loj ntawm protons thiab neutrons. Yog li ntawd, peb tuaj yeem hais tias cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rau cov khoom siv atomic tsawg dua. Feem ntau ntawm cov atoms nyob rau hauv lub periodic table muaj ob los yog ntau tshaj isotopes. Isotopes txawv ntawm ib leeg los ntawm kev muaj ntau tus lej ntawm neutrons, txawm tias lawv muaj tib yam proton thiab electron npaum li cas. Txij li thaum lawv cov nqi neutron txawv, txhua lub isotope muaj qhov sib txawv atomic mass.
Daim duab 01: Atomic Masses of Chemical Elements
Ntxiv mus, cov pawg ntawm atoms tsawg heev; Yog li, peb tsis tuaj yeem qhia lawv hauv cov chav loj ib txwm zoo li grams lossis kilograms. Rau peb lub hom phiaj, peb tab tom siv lwm chav hu atomic mass unit (amu) los ntsuas atomic mass. 1 atomic mass unit yog ib feem kaum ntawm qhov loj ntawm C-12 isotope. Thaum peb faib qhov loj ntawm ib qho atom los ntawm qhov loj ntawm ib feem kaum ntawm qhov loj ntawm C-12 isotope, peb tuaj yeem tau txais nws cov txheeb ze. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv kev siv dav dav thaum peb hais qhov txheeb ze atomic loj ntawm ib lub caij, peb txhais tau tias lawv qhov hnyav atomic (vim peb suav nws suav nrog tag nrho cov isotopes).
Molecular Luj yog dab tsi?
Molecular hnyav yog cov khoom hnyav ntawm tag nrho cov atoms hauv ib lub molecule. Chav tsev SI ntawm qhov ntsuas no yog gmol -1Qhov no muab cov nqi ntawm cov atoms / molecules / cov tshuaj muaj nyob hauv ib lub mole ntawm cov khoom. Hauv lwm lo lus, nws yog qhov loj ntawm Avogadro tus lej ntawm atoms / molecules lossis cov tebchaw.
Daim duab 02: Boiling Points thiab Molar Masses (Molecular Luj) ntawm cov khoom sib txawv
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev ntsuas qhov hnyav ntawm atoms thiab molecules hauv qhov ua tau zoo. Tab sis nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau hnyav lawv raws li ib tug neeg hais, vim hais tias lawv cov masses yog heev me me raws li ib txwm hnyav tsis (grams los yog kilograms). Yog li ntawd, txhawm rau ua kom tiav qhov sib txawv no thiab ntsuas cov khoom hauv qib macroscopic, lub tswv yim molar mass yog qhov tseem ceeb heev.
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm qhov hnyav molecular ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau carbon-12 isotope. Qhov loj ntawm ib mole ntawm carbon 12 atoms yog raws nraim 12 grams, uas yog nws molar loj yog raws nraim 12 grams ib mole. Ntxiv mus, peb tuaj yeem xam qhov hnyav ntawm cov molecules uas muaj tib lub atoms xws li O2 lossis N2 los ntawm kev muab cov lej ntawm atom los ntawm qhov hnyav atomic. ntawm cov atoms. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov hnyav molecular ntawm cov tebchaw xws li NaCl lossis CuSO 4 yog xam los ntawm kev ntxiv cov atomic hnyav ntawm txhua lub atom.
Qhov txawv ntawm Atomic Mass thiab Molecular Luj yog dab tsi?
Atomic mass muab qhov loj ntawm atoms thaum molecular hnyav muab qhov loj ntawm molecules. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm atomic mass thiab molecular hnyav yog qhov atomic mass yog qhov loj ntawm ib lub atom hos qhov hnyav molecular yog qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm cov atoms hauv molecule. Raws li lwm qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm atomic mass thiab molecular hnyav, chav ntsuas ntawm atomic mass yog amu thaum chav tsev rau molecular hnyav yog g / mol.
Ntxiv mus, muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm atomic mass thiab molecular hnyav nyob rau hauv txoj kev peb xam ob qhov ntau. Peb tuaj yeem txiav txim siab cov atomic loj tau yooj yim los ntawm kev ntxiv cov neutrons, protons thiab electrons ntawm lub atom. Txawm li cas los xij, peb txiav txim siab qhov loj ntawm ib lub molecule lossis qhov hnyav ntawm lub molecule ntawm kev ntxiv qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov atoms hauv cov molecule.
Cov duab hauv qab no nthuav tawm qhov sib txawv ntawm atomic mass thiab molecular phaus hauv daim ntawv.
Summary – Atomic Mass vs Molecular Luj
Peb siv cov ntsiab lus atomic mass thiab molecular hnyav feem ntau hauv kev suav chemistry los txiav txim seb qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshuaj lom neeg; xws li tus nqi ntawm cov reactants, cov khoom, thiab lwm yam. Qhov tseem ceeb sib txawv ntawm atomic mass thiab molecular hnyav yog hais tias lub atomic loj yog cov loj ntawm ib tug atom whereas lub molecular hnyav yog cov sum ntawm cov luj ntawm cov atoms nyob rau hauv lub molecule.
