Qhov txawv ntawm Aluminium thiab Alumina

2024 Tus sau: Alex Aldridge | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 13:40

Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm txhuas thiab alumina yog qhov txhuas yog cov khoom siv tshuaj, thiab alumina yog txhuas muaj cov khoom sib xyaw.

Txawm hais tias ob lo lus txhuas thiab alumina suab zoo sib xws, lawv txawv. Alumina yog ib qho kev sib xyaw, uas suav nrog cov tshuaj lom neeg txhuas. Ib yam li ntawd, muaj ntau qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm txhuas thiab alumina uas peb yuav los tham hauv kab lus no.

Aluminium yog dab tsi?

Aluminium (Al) yog ib yam tshuaj nyob rau hauv pawg 3 thiab lub sij hawm 3, uas muaj cov atomic tooj ntawm 13. Cov electron configuration ntawm lub caij no yog 1s² 2s ²2p⁶3s² 3p¹Thiab, atomic hnyav ntawm nws yog hais txog 27 g mol^{-1 Peb tuaj yeem categorize lub caij no ua hlau. Qhov tseeb, nws yog cov hlau ntau tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb crust.}

Ntxiv mus, txhuas yog cov khoom siv nyiaj dawb. Nws yog cov hlau ruaj khov thiab lub teeb yuag. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog cov hlau tsis tshua muaj siab. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tsis yog soluble hauv dej ntawm chav tsev kub. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, nws muaj zoo heev conductivity ntawm hluav taws xob. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov hlau no tsis yooj yim ignite.

Daim duab 01: Aluminium Ntawv Nyiaj

Qhov tseem ceeb dua, aluminium qhia ob qho tib si hlau thiab nonmetallic yam ntxwv; Yog li ntawd, nws yog amphoteric. Yog li ntawd, peb tuaj yeem categorize nws li metalloid es tsis yog hlau. Raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov xim hlau, nws hnov mob nrog cov kua qaub tso tawm cov pa roj hydrogen ua rau +3 them aluminium ion. Raws li cov yam ntxwv uas tsis yog xim hlau, nws hnov mob nrog cov tshuaj kub alkali thiab tsim aluminate ions.

Vim tias cov hlau no muaj zog heev nyob rau hauv nws daim ntawv dawb, nws tshwm sim hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntxhia. Ntawm no, lub ntsiab aluminium uas muaj cov ntxhia yog bauxite. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tshwm sim hauv cov zaub mov xws li cryolite, beryl, garnet, thiab lwm yam.

- Ntawm kev siv ntawm cov hlau no, kev siv loj yog nyob hauv cov khoom tsheb thiab lwm yam khoom siv tsheb, rau cov khoom siv hauv tsev, thiab lwm yam. Ntshiab aluminium yog mos thiab tsis muaj zog siv nws, tab sis peb tuaj yeem sib xyaw nrog lwm cov khoom xws li hlau lossis silicon (hauv me me) kom muaj zog thiab tawv.

Alumina yog dab tsi?

Alumina yog cov oxide ntawm txhuas nrog cov mis Al₂O_{3 Nws yog xim dawb crystalline khoom. Txij li thaum txhuas yog reactive dhau lawm, peb nrhiav tsis tau nws ib txwm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv dawb (tsis tshua muaj heev, peb tuaj yeem nrhiav tau dawb Al). Nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej, txhuas tshwm sim nrog txheej txheej oxide, thiab txheej txheej aluminium oxide tiv thaiv nws los ntawm corrosion.}

Daim duab 02: Alumina Flakes

Ntxiv mus, qhov hnyav ntawm alumina yog li 102 g mol^-1 Nws melting point thiab boiling point yog siab heev, uas yog tshaj 2000 ^{o C. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov compound no yog dej-insoluble tab sis heev hygroscopic. Tsis tas li ntawd, alumina tsis tuaj yeem ua hluav taws xob, tab sis nws yog thermal conductor. Txij li thaum txhuas yog ib qho amphoteric keeb, aluminium oxide kuj yog amphoteric oxide.}

Alumina feem ntau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm corundum, uas yog s crystalline ntxhia. Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov hlau txhuas los ntawm cov txheej txheem Hall. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem no, alumina yog yaj nyob rau hauv molten cryolite, thiab lub resulting ntsev yog electrolyzed. Tom qab ntawd, peb tuaj yeem tau txais cov hlau ntshiab aluminium.

Ntxiv mus, peb tuaj yeem siv cov khoom sib xyaw no ua cov abrasive vim nws qhov nyuaj thiab lub zog. Nws kuj tseem siv tau los ua ib qho catalyst los txhim kho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo li cov dej nqus dej los ntxuav cov pa roj thiab muab tub lim rau cov yas.

Qhov txawv ntawm Aluminium thiab Alumina yog dab tsi?

Aluminium yog cov khoom siv tshuaj muaj tus lej atomic 13, thiab cov cim tshuaj Al. Alumina yog cov tshuaj sib xyaw uas muaj cov tshuaj formula Al₂O_{3 Yog li, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm txhuas thiab alumina yog qhov txhuas yog cov tshuaj lom neeg., thiab alumina yog ib qho txhuas muaj cov khoom sib xyaw. Ntxiv mus, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm txhuas thiab alumina yog qhov txhuas yog ib qho hluav taws xob zoo thaum alumina yog hluav taws xob insulator.}

Lwm qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm txhuas thiab alumina yog qhov txhuas feem ntau reactive nrog oxygen, acids, los yog hauv paus tab sis, alumina tsis dhau reactive zoo li txhuas. Cov duab hauv qab no qhia cov ntsiab lus ntxiv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm txhuas thiab alumina.

Summary – Aluminium vs Alumina

Alumina yog cov tshuaj lom neeg uas muaj cov tshuaj txhuas txhuas. Yog li ntawd, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm txhuas thiab alumina yog Aluminium yog cov khoom siv tshuaj, thiab alumina yog ib qho txhuas uas muaj cov khoom xyaw.