Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov polymers thiab cov hlau yog cov polymers yog cov khoom sib sib zog nqus piv rau cov hlau.
Yog tias peb nqa lub pob ua los ntawm cov khoom siv polymer xws li cov yas thiab lub pob ua los ntawm cov hlau uas loj tib yam, peb tuaj yeem pom tias cov pob hlau hnyav dua li cov pob yas. Yog li ntawd, cov cuab yeej ntawm cov polymer no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo vim tias peb tuaj yeem hloov cov hlau nrog cov khoom yas yog tias nws muaj cov khoom tsim nyog uas yuav luag zoo ib yam li cov hlau. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov polymers thiab hlau, uas peb yuav tham hauv cov ntawv hauv qab no.
YPolymers yog dab tsi?
A polymer yog cov khoom siv macromolecular uas muaj ntau qhov rov ua dua tshiab txuas rau ib leeg los ntawm covalent tshuaj bonds. Cov chav rov ua dua no sawv cev rau cov monomers uas tau siv los ua cov polymer. Yog li ntawd, cov monomers tau txais cov txheej txheem hu ua polymerization los tsim ib lub polymer. Feem ntau muaj ob hom polymers, thiab lawv yog ntuj thiab hluavtaws polymers. Natural polymers feem ntau suav nrog biopolymer xws li cov protein thiab nucleic acids thaum cov khoom siv hluavtaws muaj xws li tib neeg tsim cov ntaub ntawv polymer xws li yas, nylon, thiab lwm yam.
Vim tias muaj ntau yam ntaub ntawv polymer paub, peb faib lawv ua ob peb pawg kom yooj yim kawm. Cov kev faib tawm no tuaj yeem ua tau ntau yam; Nyob ntawm cov qauv, cov khoom, morphology, thiab lwm yam. Piv txwv li, peb tuaj yeem faib cov ntaub ntawv no raws li cov qauv ua linear, branched, thiab network polymers. Tsis tas li ntawd, peb tuaj yeem faib lawv raws li lawv cov khoom xws li thermoplastic, thermosets, thiab elastomers. Raws li morphology, peb tuaj yeem faib lawv li amorphous, semi-crystalline, thiab crystalline polymers.
Daim duab 01: Kev faib tawm ntawm Polymers
Ntxiv mus, muaj ntau yam khoom tsim nyog hauv cov khoom siv polymers vim muaj qhov loj me me. Cov khoom no muaj xws li toughness, viscoelasticity, nyiam hloov mus rau hauv iav xeev, siab zog rau qhov hnyav piv, thiab lwm yam. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntaub ntawv no tsis tshua kim thiab raug nqi piv rau lwm yam ntaub ntawv xws li hlau.
Hlau yog dab tsi?
Hlau yog cov khoom siv uas muaj lub ntsej muag zoo nkauj, siab thermal thiab hluav taws xob conductivity. Feem ntau lawv yog malleable thiab ductile. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov hlau no suav nrog cov ntsiab lus ntshiab lossis cov alloys (ib qho alloy yog kev sib xyaw ntawm ob lossis ntau dua hlau thiab lwm yam nonmetals). Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj ntau hom hlau nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm lub caij; alkali hlau, alkaline ntiaj teb hlau, hloov hlau, thiab lwm yam.
Daim duab 02: Lub Nkoj Gravy ua los ntawm cov hlau
Thaum xav txog cov khoom, cov ntaub ntawv no muaj cov khoom zoo heev rau kev tsim kho thiab lwm yam kev siv xws li ua cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub, khoom siv, tsheb, thiab lwm yam. Qee yam ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb no suav nrog cov tsos zoo nkauj, siab ceev, malleability, ductility., siab zog, siab thermal thiab hluav taws xob conductivity, thiab lwm yam.
Qhov txawv ntawm Polymers thiab hlau yog dab tsi?
A polymer yog cov khoom siv macromolecular uas muaj ntau qhov rov ua dua tshiab txuas rau ib leeg los ntawm covalent tshuaj bonds thaum hlau yog cov ntsiab lus ntshiab lossis alloys. Yog li ntawd, lawv muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg thiab lub cev sib txawv. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov polymers thiab cov hlau yog tias cov polymers yog qhov hnyav dua li cov hlau. Txawm li cas los xij, cov hlau muaj qhov ci ntsa iab, thiab siab thermal thiab hluav taws xob conductivity. Ntxiv mus, lub zog rau qhov hnyav piv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv polymer yog siab dua li cov hlau. Tsis tas li ntawd, lwm qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov polymers thiab cov hlau yog cov hlau yog cov khoom siv tau yooj yim thiab cov ductile thaum feem ntau ntawm cov polymers tsis yog.
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom siv polymers muaj cov khoom siv rov qab txuas los ntawm covalent tshuaj bonds uas sawv cev rau cov monomers siv hauv kev tsim cov polymer. Tab sis, cov hlau ntshiab muaj hlau cations thiab electrons txuas rau ib leeg ntawm cov hlau nplaum thiab cov hlau uas muaj ob lossis ntau dua hlau thiab nonmetals ib yam nkaus. Li no, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov polymers thiab hlau.
Summary – Polymers vs Metals
Polymers thiab hlau yog cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam sib txawv nrog rau peb cov kev xav tau niaj hnub. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov polymers thiab cov hlau yog cov polymers yog cov khoom sib sib zog nqus piv rau cov hlau.
