Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm polymer thiab monomer yog tias polymer yog cov khoom sib sau ntawm ntau cov molecules whereas monomer yog ib qho molecule.
Monomers thiab polymers yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv ntau yam. Thaum ib tug neeg hnov lo lus polymer, lawv cia li xav txog cov khoom siv hluavtaws xws li polyethylene, PVC lossis nylon. Tsis tas li ntawd, kuj muaj ib pawg ntawm cov polymers hu ua biopolymers xws li carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau peb lub neej. Polymers yog tsim los ntawm monomers. Yog li ntawd, nws tseem ceeb heev kom paub qhov txawv ntawm polymer thiab monomer kom muaj kev nkag siab txog lawv cov txheej txheem synthesizing.
YPolymer yog dab tsi?
Y A polymer yog ib qho macromolecule uas muaj qhov rov ua dua tshiab uas sawv cev rau cov monomers. Monomers yog lub tsev blocks ntawm polymers. Cov ntaub ntawv polymer thaum monomers txuas nrog ib leeg ntawm covalent tshuaj bonds. Muaj ntau qhov kev faib tawm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv polymer raws li cov qauv, cov khoom, qhov tshwm sim, thiab lwm yam. Piv txwv li, peb tuaj yeem faib cov polymers raws li ntuj thiab hluavtaws polymers. Ib yam li ntawd, peb tuaj yeem faib lawv raws li cov khoom siv thermoplastic, thermosetting polymers thiab elastomers. Biopolymer yog lwm pawg tseem ceeb. Cov pawg no suav nrog cov carbohydrates, cov protein, nucleic acids thiab lwm cov ntaub ntawv polymer uas tsim thiab muaj nyob rau hauv cov kab mob lom lossis cov kab mob nyob.
Daim duab 01: Daim duab ntawm Nylon Structure
Polymerization yog txheej txheem uas peb siv los tsim cov polymer los ntawm monomers. Yog li, peb tuaj yeem faib cov ntaub ntawv no raws li txoj kev ntawm polymerization ib yam nkaus. Piv txwv li, ntxiv polymers tsim los ntawm ntxiv polymerization whereas condensation polymers tsim los ntawm condensation polymerization. Cov ntaub ntawv no muaj qee yam khoom tshwj xeeb xws li toughness, viscoelasticity, nyiam ua iav, thiab lwm yam. Qee qhov piv txwv xws li polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, roj hmab, nylon, thiab lwm yam.
Monomer yog dab tsi?
Monomers yog tsim cov blocks ntawm polymers. Lawv tuaj yeem tshwm sim raws li qhov yooj yim lossis nyuaj molecules nrog ob daim ntawv cog lus lossis pawg ua haujlwm xws li -OH, -NH 2, -COOH, thiab lwm yam. Qhov muaj qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ob daim ntawv cog lus lossis pawg ua haujlwm yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua. nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem polymerization thaum ob peb monomers txuas mus rau ib tug polymer.
Daim duab 02: Piv txwv rau Vinyl Monomers
Feem ntau, muaj ob pawg ua haujlwm hauv ob sab ntawm lub monomer, yog li nws tuaj yeem tsim cov saw hlau los ntawm kev khi rau lwm tus los ntawm ob sab. Yog tias muaj ntau pab pawg ua haujlwm, monomers tuaj yeem txuas mus rau cov ceg ntoo polymers. Piv txwv li, cov piam thaj yog cov monomer ntawm carbohydrates nrog -OH pawg ua haujlwm. Thaum koom nrog ob lub qabzib molecules, cov dej molecule tso tawm thiab tsim ib daim ntawv cog lus glycosidic. Thaum -OH hauv C-1 koom nrog -OH pab pawg hauv C-4 ntawm lwm cov piam thaj molecule, cov kab sib txuas yuav tsim. Tab sis yog tias -OH ntawm C-6 koom nrog -OH ntawm C-1 ntawm lwm cov piam thaj nws tsim cov ceg polysaccharide.
Ntxiv mus, amino acids yog monomers ntawm protein thiab nucleotides yog monomers ntawm nucleic acid. Tsis zoo li cov biopolymers uas tau hais los saum toj no, muaj cov hluavtaws hluavtaws zoo li. Piv txwv li, Ethene / Ethylene molecule muaj carbon-carbon ob daim ntawv cog lus, thiab nws yog monomer ntawm polyethylene.
Qhov txawv ntawm Polymer thiab Monomer yog dab tsi?
Y A polymer yog ib qho macromolecule uas muaj qhov rov ua dua uas sawv cev rau cov monomers thaum monomers tab tom tsim cov blocks ntawm polymers. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm polymer thiab monomer yog cov polymer yog ib qho kev sau ntawm ntau cov molecules thaum monomer yog ib qho molecule. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov monomers muaj qhov hnyav me me, thaum cov polymers muaj qhov hnyav dua molecular, uas yog ntau zaus ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm monomer. Raws li lwm qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm polymer thiab monomer, polymers feem ntau muaj cov ntsiab lus kub siab dua, muaj zog dua txhua yam ntawm monomers.
Tsis tas li ntawd, monomers thiab polymers sib txawv hauv lawv cov khoom siv tshuaj thiab lub cev. Piv txwv li, qabzib yog oxidizing qab zib, soluble hauv dej, muaj qab zib. Starch yog ib qho polymer ntawm qabzib. Tab sis hmoov txhuv nplej siab yog cov suab thaj uas tsis muaj oxidizing, ib nrab soluble hauv dej thiab tsis muaj qab zib.
Summary – Polymer vs Monomer
Polymers yog cov molecules loj ua los ntawm cov khoom me me. Peb lub npe me me molecules li monomers. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm polymer thiab monomer yog tias ib lub polymer yog ib qho kev sib sau ntawm ntau cov molecules thaum monomer yog ib qho molecule.
