Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau thiab txhuas yog cov hlau yog cov khoom tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm ob lossis ntau cov tshuaj sib txawv thaum txhuas yog cov khoom siv tshuaj uas peb tuaj yeem pom hauv ntiaj teb cov pob zeb ua hlau.
Aluminium yog cov khoom siv hlau nrog lub ntsej muag dawb dawb uas pom muaj ntau hauv lub ntiaj teb crust. Txawm hais tias ua rau yuav luag 8% ntawm lub ntiaj teb crust, nws tsis tshwm sim raws li ib tug dawb hlau vim nws yog chemically reactive heev. Ntawm qhov tod tes, ib qho alloy yog ib yam khoom uas muaj ntau yam tshuaj. Aluminium muaj ntau yam kev siv hauv kev tsim cov hlau vim tias thaum peb hloov cov hlau rau hauv cov hlau, nws txhim kho cov khoom ntawm cov hlau. Yog li ntawd, nws yuav pab tau ntau dua los siv cov hlau ntau dua li cov hlau ib leeg.
Alloy yog dab tsi?
Ib qho alloy yog ib yam khoom uas peb muab ntau yam tshuaj los txhim kho cov khoom ntawm cov hlau. Rau kev tsim cov hlau, peb tuaj yeem muab ob lossis ntau dua hlau los yog hlau thiab lwm yam khoom siv tshuaj. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsim cov khoom tsis huv vim tias muaj ntau yam hauv cov hlau. Peb hu nws ua "admixture". Nws khaws thiab txhim kho cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov hlau. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis yog cov hlau tsis huv, vim tias peb tsim cov hlau los ntawm kev ntxiv cov khoom raws li kev tswj hwm thiab hauv cov nyiaj tau teev tseg uas muab cov khoom tsim nyog. Tshwj xeeb, ib qho los yog ntau yam ntawm cov hlau yuav tsum yog hlau.
Daim duab 01: Bronze is an Alloy
Cov txheej txheem feem ntau thiab cov txheej txheem qub tshaj plaws ntawm kev tsim cov hlau yog los ntawm cua sov cov hlau dhau ntawm nws qhov melting point kom yaj lwm cov khoom rau hauv cov kua molten. Qhov no yog ua tau txawm tias lub melting point ntawm cov solutes nyob deb tshaj qhov kub ntawm no. Txawm li cas los xij, cov txheej txheem no tsis muaj txiaj ntsig nrog cov hlau thiab cov khoom muaj cov ntsiab lus melting siab heev; eg. Hlau thiab carbon. Nyob ntawd, peb yuav tsum siv cov txheej txheem ntawm cov khoom hauv lub xeev diffusion thiaj li ua rau cov alloy. Los yog lwm yam, peb tuaj yeem siv txoj hauv kev uas muaj tag nrho cov khoom muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog cov txheej txheem alloying hauv lawv lub xeev gaseous.
Type
Muaj ob yam loj ntawm cov hlau uas tuaj yeem tsim thaum lub sij hawm tsim cov hlau xws li, cov hlau hloov pauv thiab cov hlau sib txuas. Ob daim ntawv no txawv ntawm ib leeg raws li cov txheej txheem los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv alloy. Hloov pauv cov alloys tsim los ntawm atom exchange mechanism thaum interstitial alloys tsim los ntawm interstitial mechanism. Nyob rau hauv luv luv, lub atom exchange mechanism tshwm sim thaum lub atoms ntawm constituents kuj zoo sib xws nyob rau hauv loj whereas, ib tug interstitial mechanism tshwm sim thaum ib hom ntawm atoms yog npaum li cas me dua li lwm yam atoms.
Aluminium yog dab tsi?
Aluminium yog cov khoom siv tshuaj muaj tus lej atomic 13 thiab cov cim tshuaj Al. Nws zoo nkaus li silvery-dawb, mos hlau. Moroever, nws yog nonmagnetic thiab ductile heev. Nws muaj ntau hauv ntiaj teb (8% ntawm lub ntiaj teb crust). Cov hlau no yog chemically reactive heev. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau nrhiav ib txwm qauv ntawm txhuas. Tshwj xeeb, cov hlau no muaj qhov ntom ntom. Yog li, yog lub teeb yuag thiab nws muaj peev xwm tiv taus corrosion ntawm kev tsim cov oxide txheej ntawm nws qhov chaw.
Qee cov lus tseeb txog cov hlau no muaj raws li hauv qab no:
- Tshuaj cim yog Al.
- Atomic naj npawb yog 13.
- Electron configuration is [Ne] 3s2 3p1
- Standard atomic hnyav yog 26.98.
- Nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub thiab siab, nws nyob hauv ib qho khoom
- Lub ntsiab lus melting yog 660.32 °C
- Lub ntsiab lus kub yog 2470 °C
- Nyob ruaj khov oxidation xeev yog +3.
Daim duab 02: Txhuas Hlau
Thaum xav txog cov alloys ntawm txhuas, cov khoom siv alloying raug yog tooj liab, magnesium, zinc, silicon thiab tin. Muaj ob hom ntawm aluminium alloys li casting alloys thiab wrought alloys. Peb tuaj yeem faib ob pawg no rau hauv ob pawg ua kom sov-kho tau thiab tsis-kub-kho tau aluminium alloys. Txawm li cas los xij, kwv yees li 85% ntawm cov khoom siv txhuas muaj txiaj ntsig yog cov ntaub ntawv wrought.
Qhov txawv ntawm Alloy thiab Aluminium yog dab tsi?
Aluminium yog cov khoom siv tshuaj thaum lub alloy yog sib xyaw ntawm ntau yam tshuaj. Yog li, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau thiab txhuas yog cov hlau alloy yog cov khoom tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ob lossis ntau cov tshuaj sib txawv thaum txhuas yog cov khoom siv tshuaj uas peb tuaj yeem pom hauv lub ntiaj teb pob zeb ua hlau. Hauv nws daim ntawv ntshiab, aluminium tsis siv vim nws lub zog tensile tsawg tab sis pom kev siv ntau thaum nws cov alloys yog tsim los ntawm kev ntxiv cov ntsiab lus xws li zinc, manganese, tooj liab, thiab magnesium.
Summary – Alloy vs Aluminium
Aluminium yog ib qho hlau uas peb tuaj yeem nrhiav tau ntawm lub ntiaj teb pob zeb hauv kev nplua nuj. Ntawm qhov tod tes, ib qho alloy yog ib yam khoom uas tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ob lossis ntau qhov sib txawv. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau thiab txhuas yog cov hlau alloy yog cov khoom tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ob lossis ntau cov tshuaj sib txawv thaum txhuas yog cov khoom siv tshuaj uas peb tuaj yeem pom hauv lub ntiaj teb pob zeb ua hlau.
