Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm genome thiab gene pas yog tias cov genome yog hais txog tag nrho DNA ntawm cov kab mob thaum lub gene pas hais txog tag nrho cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb ntawm cov neeg sib koom ua ke.
Gene yog lub hauv paus txheej txheem ntawm kev sib hloov. Cov noob dhau los ntawm niam txiv mus rau cov xeeb ntxwv ntawm gametes. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv muaj nyob rau hauv lub genome ntawm lub cev. Genome yog tag nrho cov DNA ntawm cov kab mob. Gene pas dej kuj yog ib lo lus zoo sib xws. Tab sis, nws sawv cev rau kev sau tag nrho cov noob tam sim no hauv cov pej xeem lossis ib hom. Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau genome, gene pool yog ib tug sib tov ntawm cov noob ntawm ib tug pej xeem. Yog li ntawd, gene pool sawv cev rau tag nrho cov muaj peev xwm alleles tam sim no nyob rau hauv cov pejxeem.
Genome yog dab tsi?
Genome yog tag nrho cov khoom ntawm DNA tam sim no hauv lub cev. Hauv cov lus yooj yim, genome yog cov khoom siv ua tiav ntawm cov kab mob. Genome muaj tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv uas lub cev xav tau los ua haujlwm. Hauv eukaryotes, genome nyob hauv lub nucleus thaum nyob hauv prokaryotes, genome ntab hauv cytoplasm. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub genome feem ntau yog coding thiab tsis-coding DNA. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov noob muaj nyob hauv genome, thiab nws nyob ib feem me me ntawm tag nrho cov genome. Txawm nyob rau hauv cov noob, introns uas tsis yog-coding sequences tuaj yeem pom. Intergenic thaj tsam, kev txhawb nqa ib ntus, kev txhim kho thiab kev tswj hwm cov kab ke yog lwm hom kab ke uas muaj nyob hauv genome ntawm cov kab mob.
Daim duab 01: Genome of a Bacterium
Hauv tib neeg, genome sawv cev rau 46 chromosomes. Nws yog tag nrho DNA genome. Nws muaj ntau dua 3 billion tus khub ntawm DNA. Feem ntau ntawm cov kab mob muaj sia muaj DNA genomes. Tab sis muaj RNA genomes ib yam nkaus. Qee tus kab mob muaj RNA genomes.
Gene Pas yog dab tsi?
Gene pas dej yog ib qho kev sau ntawm cov noob ntawm cov pejxeem lossis ib hom. Yog li, nws yog kev sib xyaw ntawm cov noob ntawm ib pawg kab mob. Nws tsis sawv cev ib leeg. Qhov tseeb, gene pool sawv cev rau ib pawg ntawm cov kab mob thiab tag nrho cov alleles ntawm cov pejxeem. Ntawm no, cov alleles yog lwm hom ntawm cov noob. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov gene pool suav tag nrho cov qauv ntawm cov noob hauv cov pejxeem. Yog li ntawd, peb tuaj yeem txhais lub sij hawm gene pool raws li kev sau tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm tag nrho cov kev hloov pauv uas twb muaj lawm ntawm txhua tus noob ntawm cov pejxeem.
Ntxiv mus, txhua tus allele muaj zaus hauv cov noob caj noob ces. Li no, allele zaus tuaj yeem siv los ntsuas kev hloov pauv thiab. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv txoj kab evolutionary, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los ua kom cov allele frequencies nyob rau hauv lub gene pas dej thaum tshem tawm cov unfavorable alleles los ntawm nws.
Daim duab 02: Gene Pas
Ntxiv mus, cov noob ntws thiab cov noob caj noob ces yog ob yam uas tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv cov noob caj noob ces. Ntawm no, gene flow yog hais txog kev hloov ntawm cov noob los ntawm ib pawg noob ntawm cov pejxeem mus rau lwm cov noob caj noob ces ntawm cov pejxeem sib txawv ntawm tib hom. Txawm li cas los xij, genetic drift yog hais txog kev hloov pauv hauv cov noob caj noob ces ntawm cov pejxeem los ntawm lub sijhawm. Txawm li cas los xij, los ntawm ob qho tib si, cov noob tuaj yeem txav mus rau hauv thiab tawm ntawm lub pas gene.
Nyob rau hauv kev cog qoob loo thiab kev txhim kho cov nroj tsuag, gene pool yog ib lub tswv yim tseem ceeb vim nws coj cov neeg yug tsiaj los xaiv cov kab mob rau kev sib xyaw.
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm Genome thiab Gene Pas?
- Ob lub genome thiab gene pas suav nrog cov noob ntawm cov kab mob.
- Tsis tas li, ob qho tib si raug hloov pauv nrog lub sijhawm.
- Dhau li ntawd, ob qho tib si tseem ceeb hauv kev kawm txog kev hloov pauv thiab speciation.
Qhov txawv ntawm Genome thiab Gene Pas yog dab tsi?
Cov noob tseem ceeb vim tias lawv muaj cov ntaub ntawv caj ces los tsim cov protein. Cov genomes ntawm cov kab mob muaj cov noob no. Yog li, genome yog tag nrho cov DNA ntawm cov kab mob uas muaj cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm ntawm lub cev. Nyob rau hauv sib piv, lub gene pas dej ua ke yog tag nrho cov sau ntawm alleles nyob rau hauv ib tug pej xeem. Yog li ntawd, gene pool suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm ntawm cov pej xeem. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv ntawm genome thiab gene pool. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov no ua rau muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm genome thiab gene pas dej. Ntawd yog, tag nrho cov genome sequencing qhia peb tias cov kab mob cuam tshuam li cas rau ib leeg los ntawm cov noob caj noob ces thaum cov noob caj noob ces pab tshawb nrhiav cov evolution ntawm cov pejxeem. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, ib tug genome sawv cev rau ib tug tib neeg kab mob thaum lub gene pool sawv cev rau ib tug pej xeem.
Summary – Genome vs Gene Pool
Genome thiab gene pas yog ob lo lus uas sawv cev cov noob ntawm cov kab mob. genome sawv cev rau tag nrho cov DNA ntawm cov kab mob thaum cov noob caj noob ces sawv cev rau tag nrho cov alleles ntawm txhua tus noob hauv cov pejxeem. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm genome thiab gene pas dej. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov pej xeem suav nrog txhua tus neeg muaj kev txhawj xeeb; Yog li ntawd, ib qho allele muaj ntau zaus hauv cov noob caj noob ces. Tsis tas li, kev hloov pauv tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv cov noob; tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, nyob rau hauv alleles, thiab ib co zoo alleles tseem nyob rau hauv lub gene pas thaum ib co unfavorable thiab mutated alleles tshem tawm ntawm lub gene pas. Yog li ntawd, allele zaus yog ib qho kev ntsuas zoo ntawm cov evolution ntawm cov pejxeem. Zoo ib yam li ntawd, genome kuj koom nrog cov kab mob evolution. Hais txog lawv qhov tseem ceeb, genomes pab kom nkag siab tias cov kab mob muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog kev sib txuas caj ces thaum cov noob caj noob ces tseem ceeb hauv kev cog qoob loo rau kev txhim kho cov nroj tsuag.
