Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm benzene thiab cyclohexane yog tias benzene yog ib qho tshuaj tsw qab thaum lub cyclohexane yog ib qho tsis muaj ntxhiab tsw.
Tus kws tshawb fawb, Kekule pom cov qauv benzene hauv xyoo 1872. Vim tias muaj ntxhiab tsw, benzene txawv ntawm lwm cov tshuaj aliphatic. Yog li, nws yog ib qho kev sib cais ntawm kev kawm hauv organic chemistry. Ntawm qhov tod tes, txawm tias cyclohexane muaj qhov zoo sib xws rau benzene, nws tsis muaj ntxhiab tsw. Cyclohexane yog saturated alkane, uas muaj cov khoom sib txawv dua li benzene.
Benzene yog dab tsi?
Benzene tsuas muaj cov pa roj carbon thiab hydrogen atoms npaj los muab cov qauv qauv. Nws muaj cov qauv molecular ntawm C6H6. Nws cov qauv thiab qee cov khoom tseem ceeb yog raws li hauv qab no.
- Benzene yog cov kua tsis muaj xim uas muaj ntxhiab tsw qab.
- Nws yog nplaim taws thiab evaporates sai sai thaum raug.
- Siv tau los ua cov kuab tshuaj, vim nws tuaj yeem yaj ntau cov tshuaj tsis muaj polar.
- Nws yog me ntsis soluble hauv dej.
- Delocalization ntawm pi electrons.
qauv ntawm Benzene
Cov qauv ntawm benzene yog qhov tshwj xeeb piv rau lwm cov aliphatic hydrocarbons. Yog li ntawd, benzene muaj cov khoom tshwj xeeb. Tag nrho cov carbons hauv benzene muaj peb sp 2 hybridized orbitals. Ob sp2 hybridized orbitals ntawm carbon sib tshooj nrog sp2 hybridized orbitals ntawm cov carbons nyob ib sab ntawm ob sab. Lwm yam sp2 hybridized orbital overlaps nrog s orbital ntawm hydrogen los ua ib daim ntawv cog lus.
Tsis tas li, cov electrons hauv p orbitals ntawm carbon sib tshooj nrog p electrons ntawm carbon atoms nyob rau hauv ob sab ua pi bonds. Qhov sib tshooj ntawm electrons no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tag nrho rau rau carbon atoms thiab, yog li ntawd, tsim ib tug system ntawm pi bonds, uas kis tau tag nrho cov pa roj carbon nplhaib. Yog li, peb hais tias cov electrons no ua delocalized. Lub delocalization ntawm cov electrons txhais tau hais tias tsis muaj alternating ob thiab ib daim ntawv cog lus. Yog li ntawd, tag nrho cov C-C daim ntawv cog lus ntev yog tib yam, thiab qhov ntev yog nruab nrab ntawm ib thiab ob daim ntawv cog lus ntev. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm delocalization, lub nplhaib benzene ruaj khov, yog li, tsis kam lees txais cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntxiv, tsis zoo li lwm cov alkenes.
Daim duab 01: Tus Qauv Pauv thiab Pob rau Benzene
Cov peev txheej ntawm benzene suav nrog cov khoom ntuj lossis ntau yam tshuaj hluavtaws. Lawm, nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv petrochemicals xws li roj av los yog roj av. Hais txog cov khoom siv hluavtaws, benzene muaj nyob rau hauv qee cov yas, lubricants, dyes, hluavtaws roj hmab, detergents, tshuaj, luam yeeb thiab tshuaj tua kab. Benzene raug tso tawm ntawm kev hlawv cov ntaub ntawv saum toj no. Yog li ntawd, lub tsheb tso tsheb thiab lub Hoobkas emissions kuj muaj benzene. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, nws yog carcinogenic, yog li raug rau cov qib benzene siab tuaj yeem ua rau mob qog noj ntshav.
YCyclohexane yog dab tsi?
Cyclohexane yog ib lub voj voog molecule nrog cov qauv ntawm C6H12 Txawm hais tias nws muaj pes tsawg carbons zoo li benzene, cyclohexane yog ib tug saturated molecule. Yog li ntawd, tsis muaj ob daim ntawv cog lus ntawm cov pa roj carbon zoo li hauv benzene. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog cov kua tsis muaj xim uas muaj ntxhiab tsw qab.
Daim duab 02: Pob thiab Cov Qauv rau Cyclohexane
Tsis tas li ntawd, peb tuaj yeem tsim cov tshuaj no los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm benzene thiab hydrogen. Txij li qhov no yog cycloalkane, nws yog me ntsis unreactive. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog nonpolar thiab hydrophobic. Yog li ntawd, qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb raws li cov kuab tshuaj nonpolar hauv cov ntawv thov kev sim. Ntxiv mus, cyclohexane yog ib qho ntawm cov cycloalkane ruaj khov tshaj plaws, vim tias nws cov nplhaib tag nrho yog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus. Yog li, nws tsim cov cua sov tsawg tshaj plaws thaum hlawv piv rau lwm yam cycloalkanes.
Qhov txawv ntawm Benzene thiab Cyclohexane yog dab tsi?
Benzene yog ib qho organic compound uas muaj cov tshuaj formula C6H6 and ib tug qauv qauv whereas cyclohexane yog ib tug cyclic molecule nrog cov mis. ntawm C6H12 Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm benzene thiab cyclohexane yog tias benzene yog cov tshuaj tsw qab thaum cyclohexane yog cov khoom tsis muaj ntxhiab. Nws yog vim hais tias, tsis muaj ob daim ntawv cog lus ntawm carbon atoms hauv lub nplhaib cyclohexane. Lwm qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm benzene thiab cyclohexane yog tias benzene yog ib qho tsis txaus molecule thaum cyclohexane yog ib qho saturated molecule. Nws yog vim benzene muaj carbon atoms nyob rau hauv lub nplhaib nrog sp2 hybridization whereas cyclohexane muaj carbon atoms nyob rau hauv lub nplhaib nrog sp 3 hybridization.
Cov duab hauv qab no ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm benzene thiab cyclohexane qhia ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm ob.
Summary – Benzene vs Cyclohexane
Benzene thiab cyclohexane yog ob qho tib si rau-tus tswv cuab lub nplhaib. Tab sis lawv txawv ntawm ib leeg raws li cov tshuaj sib txuas ntawm cov pa roj carbon atoms; Yog li, qhov geometry ntawm cov molecules. Txij li thaum kev sib txuas ntawm cov pa roj carbon atoms txiav txim siab qhov aromaticity ntawm molecules, peb tuaj yeem hais tias qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm benzene thiab cyclohexane; benzene yog ib qho tshuaj tsw qab thaum cyclohexane yog ib qho tsis muaj ntxhiab tsw.
