Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm oxidative thiab nonoxidative deamination yog tias cov oxidative deamination tshwm sim los ntawm oxidation ntawm amino pawg amino acids whereas cov nonoxidative deamination tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas tsis yog oxidation.
Deamination yog, raws li nws lub npe piav qhia, kev tshem tawm ntawm pawg amine los ntawm ib qho molecule. Cov no yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv catalyzed los ntawm deaminase enzymes. Hauv peb lub cev, hom kev tshwm sim no tshwm sim hauv daim siab thiab qee zaum hauv lub raum thiab (piv txwv li: deamination ntawm glutamate hauv ob lub raum). Nyob ntawd, pawg amine tshem tawm hloov mus rau hauv ammonia thiab tawm ntawm peb lub cev. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj plaub qhov kev tshwm sim tseem ceeb uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev tawm tsam deamination; Lawv yog oxidation, txo, hydrolysis, thiab intramolecular tshua. Tawm ntawm cov no, tshwj tsis yog rau oxidation, lwm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis muaj oxidative.
Oxidative Deamination yog dab tsi?
Oxidative deamination yog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tshem tawm ntawm pawg amine los ntawm cov molecule ntawm oxidation. Hom tshuaj tiv thaiv no feem ntau tshwm sim hauv daim siab thiab lub raum. Nws koom nrog cov tiam ntawm alpha-keto acids thiab qee yam khoom oxidized los ntawm pawg amine. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no tseem ceeb heev hauv catabolism ntawm amino acids. Nws tsim cov khoom catabolized los ntawm cov amino acids. Lub byproduct ntawm no cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog ammonia uas yog ib tug tshuaj lom byproduct. Ntawm no, pawg amine hloov mus rau hauv ammonia. Thiab tom qab ntawd, cov ammonia no hloov mus rau hauv urea thiab tawm ntawm peb lub cev.
Daim duab 01: Oxidative Deamination ntawm Glutamate
Feem ntau, glutamic acid los yog glutamate yog lub ntsiab reactant ntawm hom tshuaj tiv thaiv. Vim tias, glutamic acid yog qhov khoom kawg ntawm ntau qhov kev hloov pauv uas tshwm sim hauv peb lub hlwb. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov enzyme koom nrog hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no yog glutamate dehydrogenase. Qhov no enzyme catalyzes hloov ntawm ib pawg amino rau ib pawg alpha-keto acid. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj lwm cov enzyme uas koom nrog hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no. Nws yog monoamine oxidase enzyme uas catalyzes deamination ntawm qhov sib ntxiv ntawm oxygen.
Nonoxidative Deamination yog dab tsi?
Nonoxidative deamination yog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tshem tawm cov pab pawg amine los ntawm cov molecule ntawm cov tshuaj sib txawv uas tsis yog oxidation. Peb hu nws "direct deamination" yam tsis muaj oxidation. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no suav nrog txo qis, hydrolysis thiab intramolecular cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv no tseem cuam tshuam nrog kev tsim cov tshuaj lom byproduct ammonia los ntawm cov amino acids. Tsis tas li ntawd, feem ntau cov amino acids uas tau txais cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no yog serine, threonine, cysteine thiab histidine. Ib yam li ntawd, feem ntau cov enzymes koom nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no yog dehydratases, lyases thiab amide hydrolases.
Daim duab 02: Serine uas dhau los ntawm Nonoxidative Deamination
Kev txo qis deamination tshwm sim los ntawm kev txo qis ntawm pawg amine rau hauv cov kua qaub. Hydrolytic deamination suav nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm pawg amine rau hauv pawg hydroxy acid. Los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv intramolecular, pawg amine hloov mus rau hauv ib pawg unsaturated fatty acid. Ua piv txwv, dehydratase enzymes tuaj yeem hloov cov serine rau hauv pyruvate thiab ammonia thiab nws tuaj yeem hloov threonine rau hauv alpha-ketobutyrate thiab ammonia.
Qhov txawv ntawm Oxidative thiab Nonoxidative Deamination yog dab tsi?
Deamination yog kev tshem tawm ntawm pawg amine los ntawm cov molecule. Yog li, nyob rau hauv deamination, pawg amine hloov mus rau hauv lwm yam khoom sib txawv nyob ntawm seb hom tshuaj tiv thaiv nws undergoes. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm oxidative thiab nonoxidative deamination yog tias oxidative deamination tshwm sim los ntawm oxidation ntawm cov amino pawg amino acids whereas lub nonoxidative deamination tshwm sim los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas tsis yog oxidation. Vim tias qhov sib txawv no, cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog cov txheej txheem no kuj sib txawv ntawm ib leeg. Ntawd yog, oxidative deamination cuam tshuam nrog oxidation thaum lub nonoxidative deamination cuam tshuam nrog txo qis, hydrolysis lossis intramolecular cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Tsis tas li ntawd, lwm qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm oxidative thiab nonoxidative deamination yog nyob rau hauv cov enzymes koom nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no. Ntawd yog, glutamate dehydrogenase thiab monoamine oxidase koom nrog hauv cov txheej txheem oxidative thaum lub dehydratases, lyases, thiab amide hydrolases koom nrog cov txheej txheem nonoxidative li enzymes.
Cov hauv qab no qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm oxidative thiab nonoxidative deamination hauv daim ntawv teev npe.
Summary – Oxidative vs Nonoxidative Deamination
Deamination yog kev ywj pheej ntawm ammonia los ntawm kev deamination ntawm pawg amine. Muaj ob hom oxidative thiab nonoxidative deamination. Cov nonoxidative deamination suav nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas tsis yog oxidation xws li txo qis, hydrolysis, thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv intramolecular. Yog li, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm oxidative thiab nonoxidative deamination yog tias oxidative deamination tshwm sim los ntawm oxidation ntawm cov amino pawg amino acids whereas cov nonoxidative deamination tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas tsis yog oxidation.
