Qhov txawv ntawm Homo thiab Lumo yog qhov HOMO pub cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thaum lub LUMO tau txais electrons.
Cov ntsiab lus HOMO thiab LUMO yog nyob rau hauv subtopic "molecular orbital theory" nyob rau hauv chemistry. Lo lus HOMO sawv cev rau "siab tshaj plaws nyob hauv molecular orbital" thaum lub sij hawm LUMO sawv cev rau "qis tshaj plaws uas tsis muaj lub cev molecular orbital". Peb hu lawv "frontier orbitals". Ib qho molecular orbital muab qhov chaw zoo tshaj plaws ntawm ib qho hluav taws xob hauv lub atom. Molecular orbitals tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm atomic orbitals ntawm ob lub atoms sib cais kom sib qhia lawv cov electrons. Qhov kev sib koom hluav taws xob no ua rau cov khoom sib txuas ntawm cov atoms. Thaum tsim cov molecular orbitals, lawv faib ua ob hom li HOMO thiab LUMO.
HMOOB yog dab tsi?
HOMO sawv rau qhov siab tshaj plaws nyob hauv molecular orbital. Cov electrons hauv cov molecular orbitals tuaj yeem muab pub rau LUMO hom molecular orbitals. Qhov no yog vim cov molecular orbitals muaj tsis muaj zog txuas electrons. Cov molecular orbitals no yog daim ntawv muaj feem ntau rau covalent tshuaj sib txuas. Lub xub ntiag ntawm cov molecular orbitals yog cov yam ntxwv rau cov tshuaj nucleophilic.
HOMO muaj zog tsawg. Yog li ntawd, electrons nyiam tuav hauv cov molecular orbitals; vim hais tias electrons sim sau rau hauv cov qib qis zog ua ntej. Qhov no yog vim li cas peb hu lawv "nyob orbitals". Ntxiv mus, nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm lub teeb, electron excitations yuav pub electrons los ntawm HOMO rau LUMO.
Lumo yog dab tsi?
LUMO sawv cev rau qis tshaj plaws uas tsis muaj nyob hauv molecular orbital. Cov molecular orbitals tuaj yeem tau txais cov hluav taws xob los ntawm HOMO. Raws li nws lub npe implies, cov orbitals yog unoccupied; Yog li, tsis muaj electrons. Qhov no yog vim hais tias lub zog ntawm cov orbitals yog siab heev thiab electrons yuav nyob rau hauv qis zog ua ntej. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov molecular orbitals yog cov yam ntxwv rau cov tshuaj electrophilic.
Daim duab 01: Cov Electrons hloov ntawm HOMO rau LUMO
Ntxiv mus, yog tias peb muab lub teeb lub zog, cov hluav taws xob ntawm HOMO tuaj yeem tau txais kev zoo siab thiab txav mus rau LUMO. Yog vim li cas peb thiaj hais tias LUMO tuaj yeem tau txais electrons.
Qhov txawv ntawm Homo thiab Lumo yog dab tsi?
HOMO stands rau siab tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv molecular orbital thaum lub sij hawm LUMO stands rau qis tshaj unoccupied molecular orbital. Ob daim ntawv no ntawm orbitals yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv covalent chemical bonding, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv pi bond tsim. Raws li qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm Homo thiab Lumo, peb tuaj yeem hais tias HOMO tuaj yeem pub cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thaum lub LUMO tuaj yeem tau txais hluav taws xob. Ntxiv mus, lub xub ntiag ntawm HOMO yog yam ntxwv rau nucleophiles thaum lub xub ntiag ntawm LUMO yog yam ntxwv rau electrophiles.
Cov duab hauv qab no nthuav tawm cov ntsiab lus ntxiv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm Homo thiab Lumo.
Summary -Homo vs Lumo
Txoj kev xav ntawm qhov chaw nyob sab hauv molecular orbital piav qhia qhov tsim ntawm HOMO thiab LUMO hom molecular orbitals. Txawm hais tias muaj ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm ob hom no, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm Homo thiab Lumo yog Homo pub electrons thaum Lumo tau txais electrons.
