Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm chloroform thiab carbon tetrachloride yog tias chloroform (CHCl 3) yog cov tshuaj muaj zog, tab sis carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4) tsis yog tshuaj loog.
Tsis tas li ntawd, ob qho tib si chloroform thiab carbon tetrachloride muaj tib yam tshuaj geometry; tetrahedral geometry. Txij li cov qauv tshuaj thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm carbon tetrachloride zoo li chloroform, feem ntau cov neeg to taub yuam kev xav tias ob qho tib si tib yam. Txawm li cas los xij, carbon tetrachloride tsuas muaj carbon thiab chlorine atoms thaum chloroform muaj carbon, chlorine thiab hydrogen atoms.
YChloroform yog dab tsi?
Chloroform yog CHCl3, uas yog siv los ua tshuaj loog muaj zog. Lub npe IUPAC ntawm cov tshuaj no yog trichloromethane. Nws yog cov kua uas tsis muaj xim thiab ntom ntom uas muaj cov ntxhiab tsw qab. Lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov loj-scale ntau lawm ntawm no compound yog raws li ib tug precursor los tsim PTFE. Feem ntau ntawm chloroform nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig (kwv yees li 90%) yog vim emissions ntawm natural origin. Piv txwv li: ntau hom seaweed thiab fungi tsim cov compound no.
Cov molar loj ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw yog 119.37 g / mol, thiab nws zoo li cov kua tsis muaj xim ntawm chav tsev kub. Nws muaj ib tug hnyav ethereal tsw. Lub melting point yog -63.5 ° C, thiab lub boiling point yog 61.15 ° C. Ntxiv mus, nws decomposes ntawm 450 ° C. chloroform molecule muaj tetrahedral geometry.
Daim duab 01: Cov Qauv Tshuaj ntawm Chloroform
Hauv kev lag luam, peb tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom sib xyaw no los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm cov tshuaj chlorine thiab chloromethane (lossis qee zaum peb siv methane thiab). Thaum cua sov, ib qho dawb radical halogenation tshwm sim ntawm 400-500 ° C. Nyob ntawd, cov chlorinated compounds ntawm chloromethane (los yog methane) cov ntaub ntawv uas yield chloroform. Nyob ntawd, qhov sib xyaw no tuaj yeem nkag mus ntxiv chlorination, tsim carbon tetrachloride. Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom kawg ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no yog kev sib xyaw ntawm chloromethanes uas peb tuaj yeem sib cais ntawm distillation thiaj li tau txais chloroform.
Muaj ntau yam kev siv chloroform. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb raws li cov kuab tshuaj vim hais tias hydrogen atom nyob rau hauv no molecule muaj peev xwm undergo hydrogen bonding. Peb tuaj yeem siv nws ua reagent rau ntau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ib yam nkaus. Piv txwv li: ua ib qhov chaw ntawm dichlorocarbene pawg. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, chloroform yog qhov paub zoo rau nws cov tshuaj loog.
Carbon Tetrachloride yog dab tsi?
Carbon tetrachloride yog CCl4, uas peb nquag hu ua "tetrachloromethane". Nws yog cov kua uas tsis muaj xim uas muaj ntxhiab tsw qab. Peb tuaj yeem ntes nws los ntawm nws cov ntxhiab tsw txawm nyob rau theem qis. Hauv kev lag luam tu, lub npe nrov ntawm cov tshuaj no yog carbon tet.
Cov molar loj yog 153.81 g / mol. Cov ntsiab lus melting yog −22.92 ° C, thiab qhov kub ntawm 76.72 ° C. Lub geometry ntawm no molecule yog tetrahedral geometry. Txij li thaum nws muaj plaub chlorine atoms sib koom ua ke rau ib qho carbon atom, qhov sib npaug ntawm cov molecules yog sib npaug. Peb hu nws "symmetrical geometry". Vim lub geometry no, lub compound yog nonpolar. Nws zoo li cov qauv ntawm methane molecule uas muaj plaub hydrogen atoms sib koom ua ke rau ib qho atom carbon.
Daim duab 02: Cov qauv tshuaj lom neeg ntawm Carbon Tetrachloride
Muaj ntau yam kev siv carbon tetrachloride. Ua ntej qhov txwv tsis pub, qhov sib xyaw no tau siv los tsim CFC hauv cov nplai loj. Niaj hnub no, peb tsis tsim CFC vim nws ua rau lub ozone txheej. Cov pa roj carbon tetrachloride yog cov khoom tseem ceeb hauv lava teeb. Ib zaug nws yog cov kuab tshuaj nrov, tab sis tam sim no peb tsis siv nws vim nws cov teebmeem kev noj qab haus huv. Ntxiv mus, peb tau siv dav hauv cov tshuaj tua hluav taws, ua cov khoom ua ntej rau cov tub yees thiab ua cov tshuaj ntxuav.
Qhov txawv ntawm Chloroform thiab Carbon Tetrachloride yog dab tsi?
Chloroform yog CHCl3 thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo li tshuaj loog muaj zog. Carbon tetrachloride yog CCl4, uas peb nquag hu ua "tetrachloromethane" tsis yog tshuaj loog. Qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm chloroform thiab carbon tetrachloride. Ntxiv mus, raws li cov qauv molecular, chloroform muaj tsib atoms; ib tug carbon atom, ib hydrogen atom, thiab peb chlorine atoms, thiab cov molecular geometry yog tetrahedral asymmetric geometry. Tab sis, txawm hais tias carbon tetrachloride ib yam nkaus muaj tsib atoms, nws muaj ib tug carbon atoms thiab plaub chlorine atoms, thiab cov molecular geometry yog tetrahedral symmetric geometry. Tsis tas li ntawd, xav txog lawv cov khoom, cov molar loj ntawm chloroform yog 119.37 g / mol. Nws zoo nkaus li cov kua uas tsis muaj xim thiab muaj qhov hnyav ethereal tsw. Piv txwv li, cov molar loj ntawm carbon tetrachloride yog 153.81 g / mol. Nws zoo nkaus li cov kua uas tsis muaj xim thiab muaj ntxhiab tsw qab. Cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no nthuav tawm cov ntsiab lus ntxiv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm chloroform thiab carbon tetrachloride hauv daim ntawv tabular.
Summary – Chloroform vs Carbon Tetrachloride
Vim tias ob qho tib si chloroform thiab carbon tetrachloride zoo ib yam li hauv lawv cov qauv tshuaj thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg, cov neeg feem coob to taub yuam kev tias lawv yog tib qho sib xyaw. Tab sis, carbon tetrachloride tsuas muaj carbon thiab chlorine atoms whereas chloroform muaj carbon, chlorine thiab hydrogen atoms. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm chloroform thiab carbon tetrachloride yog tias peb tuaj yeem siv chloroform ua ib qho tshuaj loog, tab sis peb tsis tuaj yeem siv carbon tetrachloride ua tshuaj loog.
