Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm Kevlar thiab carbon fiber yog qhov Kevlar tseem ceeb muaj nitrogen atoms hauv nws cov qauv tshuaj thaum cov pa roj carbon fiber tsis muaj nitrogen atoms thiab feem ntau muaj carbon atoms hauv nws cov qauv tshuaj.
Kevlar thiab carbon fiber yog ob hom hluavtaws fibers. Ob qho khoom siv no muaj lub zog siab. Yog li ntawd, lawv muaj ntau daim ntawv thov hauv textile thiab lwm yam kev lag luam. Cia peb tham ntxiv txog cov ntaub ntawv no.
Kevlar yog dab tsi?
Kevlar yog cov hluavtaws hluavtaws uas muaj cov tshuaj formula [-CO-C6H4-CO-NH-C 6H4-NH-nNws yog qhov paub zoo rau nws qhov kub tsis kam. Cov khoom no muaj feem xyuam nrog ntau lwm cov khoom siv polymer xws li Nomex thiab Technora. Thaum ntxov ntawm nws cov khoom tsim, tib neeg siv cov khoom siv no los hloov cov hlau hauv cov log tsheb sib tw. Cov neeg tsim khoom txhais cov khoom no yog "tsib lub zog dua li cov hlau" thaum peb xav txog ob feem sib npaug ntawm Kevlar thiab hlau. Cov khoom no yog cov yas muaj zog heev. Peb siv ob hom monomers rau synthesis ntawm cov khoom siv polymer. Cov monomers yog 1, 4-phenylenediamine thiab terephthaloyl chloride. Cov monomers no dhau los ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv condensation. Nws yields ib byproduct: HCl acid molecules.
Daim duab 01: Cov qauv tshuaj ntawm Kevlar
Cov txiaj ntsig polymer muaj cov kua dej-crystalline xwm. Cov kuab tshuaj uas cov chaw tsim khoom siv rau kev tsim khoom no yog sib xyaw ntawm N -methyl-pyrrolidone thiab calcium chloride. Cov txheej txheem kev tsim khoom no siv cov concentrated sulfuric acid kom cov dej-insoluble khoom (Kevlar) nyob rau hauv kev daws kom txog thaum cov khoom tiav. Yog li ntawd, cov khoom no yog kim heev (vim tias peb siv concentrated sulfuric rau qhov ntau lawm). Cov khoom no muaj lub zog tensile siab, txheeb ze ntom ntom, vim muaj cov khoom sib txuas ntawm cov hydrogen. Cov pab pawg NH hauv cov khoom no tsim cov hydrogen bonds. Muaj ntau txoj kev siv cov khoom no. Piv txwv li, nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev tsim cov log tsheb tsheb kauj vab, kev sib tw sails thiab cov tsho tiv thaiv mos txwv.
carbon fiber yog dab tsi?
Carbon fiber yog cov khoom siv hluavtaws fiber ntau cov fibers muaj li 5-10 micrometer txoj kab uas hla. Cov khoom no feem ntau muaj carbon atoms. Cov khoom no muaj cov organic polymers uas muaj cov hlua ntev ntawm cov molecules. Cov hlua no tau tuav ua ke los ntawm carbon atoms. Cov neeg tsim khoom feem ntau tsim cov fibers no los ntawm cov txheej txheem polyacrylonitrile (PAN). Hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom no, lawv kos cov ntaub ntawv raw rau hauv cov hlua ntev lossis fibers. Tom qab ntawd lawv muab cov strands no nrog lwm cov ntaub ntawv kom tau txais cov duab thiab qhov ntau thiab tsawg. Hauv cov txheej txheem PAN, muaj tsib kauj ruam tseem ceeb:
- Spinning - Ntawm no, qhov sib xyaw ntawm PAN thiab lwm yam khoom xyaw yog spun rau hauv fibers. Tom qab ntawd cov fibers no ntxuav thiab ncab.
- Stabilizing - Ntawm no, peb ua tshuaj lom neeg hloov pauv rau stabilization ntawm fiber.
- Carbonizing - Ntawm no, peb muab cov fiber ntau ruaj khov rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias. Qhov no ua kom nruj khi rau cov khoom siv lead ua.
- Kho qhov chaw - Tom qab ntawd peb oxidize qhov chaw ntawm fibers los txhim kho cov khoom.
- Sizing - Peb siv cov tshuab spinning los ntswj cov fibers rau hauv cov xov paj sib txawv.
Cov kev siv ntawm cov khoom no yog nyob rau hauv aerospace, civil engineering, tub rog, thiab motorsports, thiab lwm yam. Txawm li cas los xij, cov fibers no kuj kim dua lwm cov ntaub ntawv fiber ntau.
Qhov txawv ntawm Kevlar thiab Carbon Fiber yog dab tsi?
Kevlar yog cov hluavtaws hluavtaws uas muaj cov tshuaj formula [-CO-C6H4-CO-NH-C 6H4-NH-n Nws tseem ceeb muaj nitrogen atoms hauv nws cov qauv tshuaj. Ntxiv mus, nws muaj hydrogen bonds. Carbon fiber yog cov khoom siv hluavtaws fiber ntau thiab cov fibers muaj li 5-10 micrometer txoj kab uas hla. Nws tsis muaj nitrogen thiab feem ntau muaj cov pa roj carbon atoms hauv nws cov qauv tshuaj. Cov fibers no tau khi rau ib leeg los ntawm carbon atoms. Qhov no yog qhov txawv ntawm Kevlar thiab Carbon fiber.
Summary – Kevlar vs Carbon Fiber
Kevlar thiab carbon fiber yog cov khoom hluavtaws tseem ceeb heev. Qhov txawv ntawm Kevlar thiab carbon fiber yog tias Kevlar tseem ceeb muaj nitrogen atoms hauv nws cov qauv tshuaj thaum cov roj carbon fiber tsis muaj nitrogen atoms thiab feem ntau muaj carbon atoms hauv nws cov qauv tshuaj.
