Qhov txawv ntawm Homonuclear thiab Heteronuclear Diatomic Molecules

2024 Tus sau: Alex Aldridge | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 13:40

Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov txawv - Homonuclear vs Heteronuclear Diatomic Molecules

Diatomic molecules yog cov khoom tsim los ntawm ob lub atoms ib molecule. Cov molecules no yog tsim los ntawm ob lub atoms sib koom ua ke ntawm covalent tshuaj bonds. Cov atoms tuaj yeem sib txuas ntawm ib daim ntawv cog lus, ob daim ntawv cog lus lossis triple daim ntawv cog lus. Nyob ntawm seb hom atoms tam sim no nyob rau hauv diatomic molecule, muaj ob hom diatomic molecules: homonuclear diatomic molecules thiab heteronuclear diatomic molecules. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm homonuclear thiab heteronuclear diatomic molecules yog homonuclear diatomic molecules muaj ob lub atoms ntawm tib lub caij thaum heteronuclear diatomic molecules muaj ob lub atoms ntawm cov ntsiab lus sib txawv.

Homonuclear Diatomic Molecules yog dab tsi?

Homonuclear diatomic molecules yog cov khoom tsim los ntawm ob lub atoms ntawm tib cov tshuaj lom neeg sib koom ua ke ntawm covalent daim ntawv cog lus. Yog li ntawd, cov atoms ntawm ib homonuclear diatomic molecule yog tib yam. Ib homonuclear diatomic molecule tseem hu ua mononuclear compound. Cov tshuaj lom neeg uas tsim homonuclear diatomic molecules feem ntau yog hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, thiab halogens. Noble gases tsis tsim diatomic molecules.

Daim duab 1: Tus Qauv ntawm Homonuclear Diatomic Molecule

Ob lub atom ntawm homonuclear molecule yog tib yam; yog li cov electronegativity kuj sib npaug. Tom qab ntawd daim ntawv cog lus electron ntawm ob lub atoms sib npaug sib npaug, thiab cov tshuaj lom neeg ntawm ob lub atom yog nonpolar. Nws tuaj yeem muaj ib daim ntawv cog lus, ob daim ntawv cog lus lossis triple daim ntawv cog lus ntawm cov atoms ntawm homonuclear diatomic molecule.

Examples

• Hydrogen molecule (H_{2) muaj ib daim ntawv cog lus ntawm ob lub atoms hydrogen.}
• Oxygen molecule (O_{2) muaj ob daim ntawv cog lus ntawm ob lub atoms oxygen.}
• Nitrogen molecule (N_{2) muaj triple daim ntawv cog lus ntawm ob lub nitrogen atoms}

Heteronuclear Diatomic Molecules yog dab tsi?

Heteronuclear diatomic molecules yog cov khoom tsim los ntawm ob lub atom ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus sib txawv ntawm cov tshuaj sib txuas rau ib leeg ntawm covalent daim ntawv cog lus. Yog li ntawd, cov atoms ntawm heteronuclear diatomic molecule txawv ntawm ib leeg.

Daim duab 2: Tus Qauv ntawm Heteronuclear Diatomic Molecule

Lub electronegativity ntawm ob lub atoms ntawm heteronuclear diatomic molecule txawv ntawm ib leeg vim lawv muaj cov tshuaj sib txawv (cov tshuaj sib txawv muaj qhov sib txawv electronegativity). Tom qab ntawd cov tshuaj bonds ntawm cov atoms no yog polar bonds. Qhov no yog vim hais tias daim ntawv cog lus electrons tau nyiam los ntawm electronegative atom (lub atom uas yog electronegative ntau dua piv rau lwm lub atom).

Examples

• Hydrogen fluoride (HF) muaj ib daim ntawv cog lus ntawm hydrogen atoms thiab fluorine
• Nitrogen oxide (NO) muaj ob daim ntawv cog lus ntawm nitrogen atom thiab oxygen atom (thiab muaj ib qho hluav taws xob tsis sib xws ntawm nitrogen atom).
• Cov pa roj carbon monoxide (CO) muaj triple daim ntawv cog lus ntawm carbon thiab oxygen atoms.

Dab tsi yog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm Homonuclear thiab Heteronuclear Diatomic Molecules?

• Ob hom molecules tsuas muaj ob lub atoms ib molecule xwb.
• Ob hom molecules muaj ib tug linear geometry.
• Ob hom molecules muaj covalent chemical bonds.

Qhov txawv ntawm Homonuclear thiab Heteronuclear Diatomic Molecules yog dab tsi?

Homonuclear vs Heteronuclear Diatomic Molecules
Homonuclear diatomic molecules yog cov khoom tsim los ntawm ob lub atoms ntawm tib cov tshuaj lom neeg sib koom ua ke ntawm covalent bonds.	Heteronuclear diatomic molecules yog cov khoom tsim los ntawm ob lub atoms ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus sib txawv ntawm cov tshuaj sib txuas rau ib leeg ntawm covalent bonds.
tshuaj lom neeg
Cov isotopes ruaj khov yog qhov ruaj khov heev thiab tsis dhau mus rau cov hluav taws xob tawg.	Heteronuclear diatomic molecules muaj atoms ntawm cov tshuaj sib txawv.
Tshuaj Bond
Homonuclear diatomic molecules muaj nonpolar covalent bonds.	Heteronuclear diatomic molecules muaj polar covalent bonds.
Atoms
Homonuclear diatomic molecules muaj tib lub atoms.	Heteronuclear diatomic molecules muaj cov atom sib txawv.

Summary – Homonuclear vs Heteronuclear Diatomic Molecules

Homonuclear diatomic molecules yog tsim los ntawm cov atoms zoo tib yam ntawm tib cov tshuaj, tab sis heteronuclear diatomic molecules muaj atoms ntawm ob yam tshuaj sib txawv. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm homonuclear thiab heteronuclear diatomic molecules yog homonuclear diatomic molecules muaj ob lub atoms ntawm tib lub caij thaum heteronuclear diatomic molecules muaj ob lub atoms ntawm cov ntsiab lus sib txawv.