Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov txawv - Centromere vs Telomere
Chromosomes yog cov qauv zoo li cov nucleic acids thiab cov proteins uas nqa cov ntaub ntawv caj ces ntawm lub cev. Chromosomes nyob rau hauv lub nucleus ntawm eukaryotic kab mob thaum nyob rau hauv prokaryotes, lawv muaj nyob rau hauv lub cytoplasm. Cov ntaub ntawv caj ces yog muab zais rau hauv cov chromosomes hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov noob. Cov noob yog cov DNA molecules tshwj xeeb uas sau thiab txhais ua cov protein uas tsim nyog rau txhua txoj haujlwm ntawm lub cev. Ib chromosome yog tsim los ntawm ntau thaj tsam ntawm DNA thiab cov protein molecules. Centromere thiab telomere yog ob thaj chaw tshwj xeeb uas tseem ceeb heev rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm chromosomes. Ob cheeb tsam no yog tsim los ntawm cov DNA zoo sib xws. Tab sis lawv txawv ntawm ob peb lwm yam nta. Lub centromere yog thaj tsam ntawm chromosome uas yog qhov chaw nruab nrab uas txiav txim siab qhov tsim ntawm kinetochore thiab cohesion ntawm tus muam chromatids. Lub telomere yog thaj tsam kawg ntawm chromosomes uas tseem ceeb rau kev tiv thaiv chromosome xaus los ntawm kev tawg thiab tiv thaiv cov chromosomes koom nrog ib leeg. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm centromere thiab telomere yog qhov chaw ntawm txhua cheeb tsam. Lub centromere nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov chromosome thaum telemore nyob rau ntawm qhov kawg ntawm cov chromosomes.
Centromere yog dab tsi?
Lub centromere yog thaj tsam ntawm chromosome uas muaj cov DNA tshwj xeeb sib lawv liag thiab cov protein ntau. Nws feem ntau nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm chromosome. Qhov no yog ib cheeb tsam tseem ceeb heev vim nws txiav txim siab tsim kinetochore. Lub kinetochore yog ib qho complex ntawm cov proteins txuam nrog lub centromere. Nws yog tsim nyog thaum lub sij hawm faib cell. Microtubules ntawm spindle fibers txuas rau lub kinetochore, thiab nws pab rub tus muam chromatids sib nrug thaum lub sijhawm cell faib. Proteins ntawm kinetochore pab lub centromere los tuav cov viv ncaus chromatids ua ke hauv chromosomes.
Daim duab 01: Centromere
Centromere yog thaj chaw tshwj xeeb uas txuas cov viv ncaus chromatids ntawm chromosomes. Raws li txoj hauj lwm ntawm centromere, chromosomes tau categorized ua plaub hom loj. Lawv yog cov metacentric, submetacentric, acrocentric thiab telocentric chromosomes. Centromere nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb nruab nrab txoj hauj lwm ntawm chromosome nyob rau hauv hom metacentric. Yog li ntawd, ob txhais caj npab ntawm metacentric chromosome yog nyob rau hauv sib npaug zos lengths, thiab lawv yog X zoo li tus chromosomes. Hauv submetacentric chromosomes, lub centromere nyob ze heev rau nruab nrab tab sis tsis raws nraim ntawm qhov chaw. Yog li, ob txhais caj npab ntawm submetacentric chromosomes tsis sib npaug, tab sis kaw ntev heev thiab lawv yog L zoo li chromosomes. Acrocentric chromosomes muaj luv luv p caj npab uas nyuaj rau saib. Hauv telocentric chromosomes, centromere nyob rau ntawm qhov kawg ntawm chromosome. Lawv qhia cov duab zoo ib yam li tsab ntawv "i" thaum lub sij hawm anaphase.
Telomere yog dab tsi?
Telomeres yog qhov kawg ntawm eukaryotic chromosomes. Lawv yog tsim los ntawm kev rov ua dua DNA ua ntu zus thiab ntau yam protein ntau. Telomeres tuaj yeem muaj ntau pua mus rau txhiab tus tib yam rov ua ntu zus. Lawv ua raws li lub kaus mom tiv thaiv ntawm chromosome kawg. Telomeres tiv thaiv kev poob ntawm lub hauv paus ua ke los ntawm cov enzymatic degradation los ntawm chromosome kawg. Tsis tas li ntawd, telomeres tiv thaiv kev sib xyaw ntawm chromosomes nrog rau ib leeg thiab tswj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm chromosomes.
DNA ntawm qhov kawg ntawm cov chromosomes tsis tuaj yeem luam tag nrho hauv txhua lub sijhawm ntawm kev rov ua dua. Nws tuaj yeem ua rau luv luv ntawm chromosomes thaum dhau mus rau tiam tom ntej. Txawm li cas los xij, telomere kev npaj ntawm cov lus qhia ntawm chromosomes pab txhawb kev ua tiav ntawm cov kab DNA. Proteins txuam nrog telomere kawg kuj tseem ceeb hauv kev tiv thaiv chromosomes thiab tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm kev ua rau DNA kho txoj hauv kev.
Daim duab 02: Telomeres
Cov kab ke nucleotide ntawm thaj av telomere txawv ntawm cov hom. Nws muaj cov noncoding tandemly rov ua ntu zus. Ntev ntawm cov telomeres kuj txawv ntawm cov hom sib txawv, cov hlwb sib txawv, cov chromosomes sib txawv thiab raws li lub hnub nyoog ntawm cov hlwb. Hauv tib neeg thiab lwm cov vertebrates, feem ntau pom rov ua ntu ntu hauv telomeres yog TTAGGG.
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm Centromere thiab Telomere?
- Ob lub centromere thiab telomere yog thaj tsam ntawm chromosomes.
- Ob thaj chaw centromere thiab telomere yog tsim los ntawm DNA sequences thiab proteins.
- Ob thaj chaw centromere thiab telomere yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm tag nrho ntawm chromosomes.
Qhov txawv ntawm Centromere thiab Telomere yog dab tsi?
Centromere vs Telomere |
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| Centromere yog thaj tsam ntawm chromosome uas txiav txim siab tsim cov kinetochore thiab cohesion ntawm tus muam chromatids. | Telomere yog thaj tsam ntawm chromosome uas nyob rau qhov kawg ntawm txhua chromosome los tiv thaiv cov chromosomes los ntawm kev tawg thiab koom nrog cov chromosomes nyob sib ze. |
| Chaw | |
| Centromere nyob ntawm qhov chaw ntawm chromosome. | Telomere yog nyob rau ntawm qhov kawg ntawm chromatids ntawm chromosome. |
| Centromere txuas cov viv ncaus chromatids thiab muab qhov chaw rau kev tsim kinetochore thiab txuas spindles thaum lub sijhawm faib ntawm tes. | Telomeres ua raws li lub kaus mom tiv thaiv ntawm chromosome xaus ntawm kev tawg thiab ua kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm chromosomes. |
| Centromere yog tsim los ntawm cov DNA tshwj xeeb. | Telomere yog tsim los ntawm ntau pua txhiab tus DNA rov ua ntu zus. |
Summary – Centromere vs Telomere
Centromere thiab telomere yog ob thaj tsam ntawm chromosome. Centromere yog tsim los ntawm tshwj xeeb DNA sib lawv liag, thiab nws yog qhov chaw ntawm kinetochore tsim. Lub kinetochore yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev sib txuas ntawm spindle fibers thaum lub sij hawm cell faib, thiab nws pab centromere tuav tus muam chromatids ntawm chromosomes. Telomere yog nyob rau ntawm qhov kawg ntawm chromosomes. Lawv raug tsim los ntawm kev rov ua ntu zus. Lawv ua raws li lub kaus mom tiv thaiv ntawm chromosome kawg. Telomeres tiv thaiv kev poob ntawm lub hauv paus khub ntawm chromosome kawg thiab xyuas kom meej qhov ua tiav ntawm cov kab DNA. Qhov no yog qhov txawv ntawm centromere thiab telomere.
