Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov Sib Txawv - Cov Qauv vs Cov Cai Tswj Kev Cai
Nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm heredity, lub structural thiab functional unit yog cov noob. Lawv yog tsim los ntawm DNA uas muaj cov ntaub ntawv caj ces rau kev sib txuas ntawm cov proteins. Qhov loj ntawm tib neeg cov noob txawv, thiab thaj tsam ntawm tus lej me mus rau ntau lub hauv paus khub. Raws li tib neeg txoj haujlwm genome, kwv yees tus lej ntawm cov noob uas tib neeg muaj yog 20, 000 txog 25, 000 genes. Txhua tus thiab txhua tus neeg muaj ob daim ntawv theej ntawm cov noob. Ob daim ntawv no tau txais los ntawm niam txiv (ib qho los ntawm niam txiv). Muaj ob hom noob caj noob ces. Cov noob caj noob ces thiab kev tswj cov noob. Nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov txheej txheem genes, nws yog ib hom noob uas encodes rau txhua hom RNA (tshwj tsis yog siRNA thiab miRNA) thiab cov protein uas tsis yog cov protein tswj. Regulatory genes yog ib pawg ntawm cov genes uas cuam tshuam txog kev tswj cov kev qhia ntawm cov noob caj noob ces. Qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem thiab tswj cov noob.
Cov noob caj noob ces yog dab tsi?
Ib tus qauv noob yog ib hom noob uas sau rau ib qho protein lossis RNA. Cov gene codes rau tag nrho cov proteins cia siab tias yuav tswj cov proteins. Cov khoom tsim cov noob muaj cov txheej txheem cov protein thiab cov enzymes. Hauv ib qho xwm txheej, cov txheej txheem cov noob muaj cov DNA sib txuas mus rau ib ntu ntawm cov amino acid uas ua rau muaj protein ntau. Cov txheej txheem genes ua kom cov proteins uas tsim tawm tsis koom nrog txhua hom kev tswj hwm noob. Cov noob no kuj tau encoded los ntawm txawv tsis-coding RNA xws li rRNA thiab tRNA. Regulatory miRNA (micro RNA) thiab siRNA (luv interfering RNA) tsis yog encoded los ntawm cov qauv genes.
Daim duab 01: Cov Txheej Txheem Txheej Txheem
Cov noob caj noob ces prokaryotic tau nthuav tawm nyob ib sab ua ib qho operon. Cov noob ntawm operon ib txwm ua haujlwm muaj feem xyuam. Kev tsim ntawm ib qho operon ua rau kev tswj hwm ntawm cov noob qhia. Ib qho piv txwv zoo tshaj plaws thiab zoo tshaj plaws ntawm operon yog lac operon. Nws muaj peb yam qauv genes, lac Z, lac Y thiab lac A. Tag nrho cov qauv no yog tswj los ntawm ib tus neeg teb xov tooj thiab tus txhawb nqa. Thaum txiav txim siab txog cov kab mob ntawm caj ces, lawv tuaj yeem raug txheeb xyuas los ntawm kev tshawb xyuas cov ntsiab lus thiab qhov chaw ntawm cov txheej txheem no.
Cov noob caj noob ces yog dab tsi?
Regulatory gene yog ib hom noob uas cuam tshuam txog kev tswj kev qhia ntawm ib lossis ntau dua lwm cov noob. Raws li ib txwm muaj, cov noob tswj hwm yog tsim los ntawm cov txheej txheem tswj hwm, thiab lawv muaj nyob rau ntawm 5 'qhov kawg ntawm qhov chaw pib ntawm cov noob caj noob ces nws tswj. Lawv kuj tuaj yeem muaj cov txheej txheem tswj hwm ntawm 3' kawg ntawm qhov chaw pib sau ntawv. Cov txheej txheem tswj hwm tuaj yeem muaj ntau lub hauv paus kilos nyob deb ntawm qhov pib ntawm kev sau ntawv. Cov noob tswj kev tswj hwm no muaj peev xwm los encode cov protein lossis tuaj yeem ua raws li cov noob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm miRNA. Ib lub noob uas encodes rau cov protein uas muaj qhov cuam tshuam rau tus neeg teb xov tooj gene tuaj yeem piav qhia ua piv txwv rau kev tswj hwm cov noob. Tus neeg teb xov tooj yog ib hom noob uas khi rau cov protein ntau repressor, uas inhibit cov txheej txheem txhais lus.
Daim duab 02: Kev tswj hwm Genes
Nyob rau hauv prokaryotes, tswj cov noob tsuas yog encode rau cov protein ntau. Cov repressor proteins khi rau kev txhawb nqa ntawm cov noob thiab tiv thaiv kev nrhiav thiab ua haujlwm ntawm RNA polymerase. Qhov no nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus inhibits tus txheej txheem transcription. Qee qhov kev tswj hwm noob koom nrog hauv kev encoding ntawm activator proteins. Cov proteins no khi rau ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb ntawm DNA molecule thiab ua kom cov txheej txheem hloov pauv.
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm Cov Txheej Txheem thiab Cov Txheej Txheem Txheej Txheem?
- Txhua yam qauv thiab kev tswj hwm cov noob yog cov cai rau cov proteins lossis RNA.
- Txhua yam qauv thiab kev tswj hwm noob yog tsim los ntawm nucleotides.
- Txhua yam qauv thiab kev tswj hwm noob yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv cov kab mob nyob.
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm Cov Txheej Txheem thiab Cov Txheej Txheem Txheej Txheem?
Txoj Cai vs Kev Cai Txheej Txheem |
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| Cov noob caj noob ces yog ib hom noob uas encodes rau txhua hom RNA (tshwj tsis yog siRNA thiab miRNA) thiab cov protein uas tsis yog cov txheej txheem tswj hwm. | Cov noob caj noob ces yog ib txheej ntawm cov noob uas koom nrog kev tswj cov kev qhia ntawm cov noob caj noob ces. |
| qauv | |
| Cov noob caj noob ces yog cov txheej txheem nyuaj. | Cov noob caj ces yog cov qauv yooj yim dua. |
| Cov noob caj noob ces yog encoded rau cov qauv proteins thiab enzymes. | Cov noob caj noob ces tswj kev hloov pauv ntawm cov txheej txheem genes. |
Summary – Qauv vs Regulatory Genes
Ib tus qauv noob yog ib hom noob uas sau rau ib qho protein lossis RNA. Cov noob cai no rau tag nrho cov proteins xav kom txhua hom kev tswj hwm cov proteins. Cov khoom tsim cov noob muaj cov txheej txheem cov protein thiab cov enzymes. Cov noob caj noob ces ua kom cov proteins uas tsim tawm tsis koom nrog txhua hom kev tswj hwm noob. Regulatory gene yog ib hom noob uas cuam tshuam txog kev tswj kev qhia ntawm ib lossis ntau cov noob. Nyob rau hauv prokaryotes, cov kev tswj cov noob tsuas yog encode rau repressor proteins. Qhov no yog qhov txawv ntawm cov txheej txheem thiab kev tswj cov noob.
Download the PDF of Structural vs Regulatory Genes
Koj tuaj yeem rub tawm PDF version ntawm kab lus no thiab siv nws rau offline hom phiaj raws li daim ntawv ceeb toom. Thov rub tawm PDF version ntawm no: Qhov txawv ntawm Cov Qauv thiab Kev Ua Haujlwm Genes
