Qhov Tseem Ceeb - Glutamine vs Glutamate
Amino acids yog qhov tseem ceeb biomolecules hauv cov kab mob nyob thiab koom nrog hauv kev sib txuas ntawm ntau hom proteins. Amino acids yog cov organic tebchaw uas muaj cov amine thiab carboxyl ua pab pawg ua haujlwm. Glutamine thiab glutamate yog ob qho tseem ceeb amino acids tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub neej. Glutamine yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov amino acid uas muaj ntau yam haujlwm ntawm lub cev. Glutamate yog ib qho tsis tseem ceeb amino acid uas yog suav tias yog cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig tshaj plaws hauv lub paj hlwb. Qhov no yog qhov txawv ntawm Glutamine thiab Glutamate.
YGlutamine yog dab tsi?
Glutamine yog ib qho tseem ceeb amino acid tawm ntawm 20 hom amino acids tam sim no. Nws raug suav hais tias yog α-amino acid. Glutamine yog siv nyob rau hauv synthesis ntawm cov proteins. Lub glutamine molecule yog tsim los ntawm ib pawg α-amino, ib pawg α-carboxylic acid uas tau txais protonated thiab deprotonated nyob rau hauv qee yam kab mob lom neeg, feem. Nws yog tsim los ntawm kev hloov ntawm hydroxyl sab saw ntawm glutamic acid los ntawm ib sab saw amide; amine functional pawg. Qhov no tsim cov glutamine molecule raws li ib tug neutrally them amino acid nrog polar zog ntawm physiological pH tej yam kev mob.
Daim duab 01: D-Glutamine Structure
Glutamine yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov amino acid rau tib neeg nyob rau hauv qee yam kab mob thiab nce kev ntxhov siab. Nyob rau hauv tib neeg, glutamine yog synthesized txaus los hais txog qhov xav tau ntawm lub cev tab sis thaum lub sij hawm tshwj xeeb tej yam kev mob xws li nce siab, lub cev raug mob (muscle nkoos) thiab kab mob, qhov kev thov rau glutamine yuav nce. Txhawm rau muab cov glutamine txaus rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, glutamine yuav tsum tau txais los ntawm kev noj haus. Glutamine-nplua nuj hom zaub mov muaj xws li cov nqaij noj thiab qe. Whey protein thiab casein protein kuj raug suav hais tias muaj qib siab ntawm glutamine. Glutamine ua raws li lub zog hauv qee lub plab hnyuv thiab cov hlwb ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Cov hlwb no nyiam glutamine ua lub zog siv ntau dua li cov piam thaj. Glutamine tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb thaum lub sij hawm kev tswj hwm ntawm cov kua qaub hauv lub raum vim kev tsim cov ammonium thaum tsim nyog. Nws muab nitrogen rau ntau cov txheej txheem anabolic hauv lub cev, uas suav nrog cov synthesis ntawm purines. Nyob rau hauv lub voj voog TCA (Tri Carboxylic Acid), glutamine ua raws li cov pa roj carbon monoxide. Glutamine kuj tseem ua haujlwm ua ntej rau kev sib txuas ntawm cov amino acid glutamate thiab pab hauv kev thauj tsis muaj tshuaj lom ntawm ammonia hauv cov ntshav.
Glutamate yog dab tsi?
Glutamate yog ib hom amino acid uas suav tias yog qhov muaj ntau tshaj plaws stimulating neurotransmitter tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub paj hlwb. Nws yog ib qho anion ntawm glutamic acid thiab raws li nws cov synthesis, glutamine ua ua ntej. Glutamate muaj qhov tsis zoo. Nws yog ib qho tsis tseem ceeb amino acid vim nws yog synthesized los ntawm alpha-ketoglutaric acid tam sim no raws li ib feem ntawm citric acid (TCA) voj voog. Glutamate yog suav tias yog ib qho ntawm cov amino acid uas muaj ntau tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev thiab ua raws li cov khoom siv molecule rau ntau yam tseem ceeb thiab tsis tseem ceeb amino acids tam sim no hauv lub cev. Glutamate xav tau ntawm lub cev nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ib txwm ua tiav los ntawm kev noj haus.
Daim duab 02: Glutamate
Kev sib xyaw ntawm glutamate los ntawm lub cev nws tus kheej tsuas yog tshwm sim yog tias qhov kev thov rau glutamate nce ntxiv thaum muaj xwm txheej hnyav. Glutamate, los ntawm nws tus kheej, tsis tuaj yeem hla cov ntshav hlwb teeb meem. Tab sis nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib koom tes ntawm lub paj hlwb, glutamate yog nquag thauj mus rau hauv lub paj hlwb los ntawm lub siab affinity thauj system uas pab tswj cov concentrations ntawm lub hlwb, thiab cerebral spinal kua nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd. Nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus paj hlwb, glutamate yog synthesized los ntawm precursor glutamine thiab enzyme glutaminase ua raws li catalyst. Cov txheej txheem cyclic no hu ua glutamate-glutamine voj voog. Glutamate molecule muaj peb hom tshuaj receptors: AMPA receptors, NMDA receptors, metabotropic receptors. AMPA thiab NMDA receptors pab ua kom cov membrane permeability rau sodium thiab poov tshuaj thaum lub paj hlwb xa mus.
Dab tsi zoo sib xws ntawm Glutamine thiab Glutamate?
- Ob leeg glutamate thiab glutamine yog cov amino acids.
- Lawv qhia cov yam ntxwv tshuaj lom neeg.
- Ob lub amino acids muaj nyob rau hauv pawg tshuaj carboxylic acid.
- Glutamine thiab glutamate yog alkaline thiab muaj nitrogen.
Qhov txawv ntawm Glutamine thiab Glutamate yog dab tsi?
YGlutamine vs Glutamate |
|
| Glutamine yog ib qho tseem ceeb amino acid tawm ntawm 20 hom amino acids tam sim no. | Glutamate yog ib hom amino acid thiab ntau tshaj stimulating neurotransmitter tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub paj hlwb |
| Glutamine tsis muaj nqi. | Glutamate molecule muaj tus nqi tsis zoo. |
| Rau lub cev | |
| Glutamine yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov amino acid. | Glutamate suav tias yog cov amino acid tsis tseem ceeb. |
| Glutamine ua raws li lub zog thiab tus pub rau cov pa roj carbon thiab nitrogen thiab tswj cov ionic tshuav hauv lub raum thiab tsis muaj tshuaj lom ntawm ammonia hauv cov ntshav. | Glutamate ua raws li cov tshuaj neurotransmitter hauv lub paj hlwb. |
Summary – Glutamine vs Glutamate
Amino acids yog qhov tseem ceeb biomolecules tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub neej. Lawv koom nrog hauv kev sib txuas ntawm ntau hom proteins. Glutamine thiab glutamate yog ob qho tseem ceeb amino acids. Glutamine yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov amino acid. Qhov kev thov rau glutamine nce nrog nce qib ntawm kev ntxhov siab, kab mob, thiab lwm yam. Nws muaj ntau yam tseem ceeb hauv lub cev, uas suav nrog kev saib xyuas ntawm ionic tshuav nyiaj li cas hauv lub raum, ua raws li cov pa roj carbon thiab nitrogen pub rau cov txheej txheem biochemical sib txawv, xws li lub zog, thiab lwm yam. Glutamate yog ib qho tsis tseem ceeb amino acid synthesized los ntawm alpha ketoglutaric acid. Nws yog suav hais tias yog qhov muaj ntau tshaj neurotransmitter tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub paj hlwb. Qhov no yog qhov txawv ntawm glutamine thiab glutamate.
Download PDF Version of Glutamine vs Glutamate
Koj tuaj yeem rub tawm PDF version ntawm kab lus no thiab siv nws rau offline hom phiaj raws li cov ntawv sau tseg. Thov download PDF version ntawm no Qhov txawv Ntawm Glutamine thiab Glutamate
