Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov txawv - Cov noob caj noob ces vs Epigenetics
Qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm biology niaj hnub piav qhia txog kev hloov pauv phenotypic hauv cov kab mob nyob hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm ob yam; Genetics thiab Epigenetics. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov kev xav no, cov kws tshawb fawb tsom mus rau kev qhia txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov noob caj noob ces thiab epigenetic yam hauv kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob. Cov teb no keeb kwm pib nrog qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm Mendel thiab hloov zuj zus thoob plaws hauv ob peb lub xyoo dhau los. Cov noob caj noob ces yog qhov chaw uas cuam tshuam nrog tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov noob hauv kev ua neej nyob thiab yog kev kawm txog kev xeeb tub, dhau ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm niam txiv mus rau lawv cov xeeb ntxwv. Epigenetics yog thaj chaw uas cov phenotypes tau tsim los ntawm lwm yam xws li ib puag ncig thiab kev coj tus cwj pwm thiab tsis khaws cia rau hauv cov noob. Qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov noob caj noob ces thiab epigenetics.
Dab tsi yog Genetics?
Genetics yog ib txoj hauv kev ntawm kev tshawb fawb uas muaj kev txhawj xeeb nrog kev kawm txog cov noob caj noob ces, kev hloov pauv thiab kev hloov caj ces hauv cov kab mob nyob. Leej txiv ntawm noob caj noob ces yog Gregor Mendel. Nws tau kawm thiab piav qhia txog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua tau zoo qub txeeg qub teg uas muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov kab mob kis los ntawm niam txiv kab mob mus rau cov xeeb ntxwv. Nws piav txog qhov qub txeeg qub teg no tshwm sim los ntawm kev dhau los ntawm ib pawg ntawm cov khoom qub txeeg qub teg los ntawm ib tiam mus rau lwm tiam. Mendel tau siv cov txiv laum huab xeeb los piav txog cov xwm txheej no. Nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub no, chav tsev qub txeeg qub tes yog hu ua ib tug noob. Cov noob muaj nyob rau hauv chromosomes ntawm lub cev. Lub chromosome yog tsim los ntawm DNA thiab protein. Yav dhau los, cov kws tshawb fawb tsis tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm cov molecule ntawm qub txeeg qub teg ntawm DNA thiab cov protein tam sim no hauv chromosome. Tab sis tom qab ntawd, nrog cov kev sim sib txawv ua los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb, nws tau lees paub tias DNA yog cov molecule uas yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev ua qub txeeg qub teg. Yog li, cov ntaub ntawv caj ces yuav dhau los ntawm ib tiam mus rau lwm tiam yog khaws cia hauv cov molecules ntawm DNA.
Daim duab 01: Genetics
Nrog rau kev txhim kho thev naus laus zis, cov noob caj noob ces niaj hnub tau nthuav tawm nws cov tis los kawm txog cov qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov noob ntawm nws cov qib molecular, cov qauv kev coj tus cwj pwm ntawm cov noob hauv ib lub cev thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm cov noob thiab kev faib tawm hauv cov pej xeem raws li qhov Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov noob caj noob ces: qhov kev ua tau zoo qub txeeg qub teg thiab cov txheej txheem molecular qub txeeg qub teg ntawm cov noob.
Epigenetics yog dab tsi?
Epigenetics yog qhov hloov pauv ntawm cov txiaj ntsig zoo hauv cov noob qhia uas tsis cuam tshuam txog kev hloov pauv ntawm DNA ib ntus. Hauv lwm lo lus, nws yog qhov hloov pauv ntawm phenotype yam tsis hloov genotype. Repressor cov proteins uas txuas nrog rau thaj tsam ntsiag to ntawm DNA tswj cov noob qhia. Epigenetics siv qhov chaw ib txwm muaj thiab tsis tu ncua, tab sis nws tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm ib puag ncig sab nraud thiab sab hauv, hnub nyoog thiab kab mob. Histone hloov kho, DNA methylation thiab noncoding RNA (ncRNA) cuam tshuam gene silencing yog cov txheej txheem uas pib thiab txhawb nqa epigenetics. Lwm cov txheej txheem epigenetic yuav suav nrog paramutation, X chromosome inactivation, imprinting, bookmarking thiab cloning. DNA puas tseem tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm epigenetic. Cov kev hloov pauv tshwm sim hauv epigenetics txuas ntxiv los ntawm kev faib tawm ntawm tes hauv lub sijhawm ntawm lub neej ntawm lub xovtooj ntawm tes, lossis nws tuaj yeem nyob rau ntau tiam neeg yam tsis muaj kev hloov pauv hauv DNA ib ntus; Cov yam ntxwv monogenetic tuaj yeem pab cov noob ntawm cov kab mob coj tus cwj pwm txawv. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm epigenetic yog cov txheej txheem cellular sib txawv. Cov kev hloov pauv hauv epigenetics ua rau kev hloov pauv ntawm cov noob, tab sis tsis yog cov nucleotide sib lawv liag ntawm DNA. Cov kev hloov no yuav kis tau los ntawm ib tiam dhau ib tiam los ntawm txoj kev hu ua transgenerational epigenetic inheritance.
Daim duab 02: Epigenetics
Nyob rau hauv epigenetics, kev hloov kho sab nraud rau DNA ua rau cov noob tig 'rau' lossis 'tawm.' DNA methylation yog ib qho piv txwv zoo ntawm epigenetics. Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm ib pawg methyl rau ib feem ntawm DNA molecule tiv thaiv qee cov noob los ntawm kev qhia. Kev hloov kho Histone yog lwm qhov piv txwv rau epigenetics. Yog tias histones nyem DNA nruj, nws cuam tshuam rau kev nyeem cov noob los ntawm lub xovtooj.
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm Cov Neeg Txawj Ntse thiab Epigenetics?
YGenetics vs Epigenetics |
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| Genetics yog kev kawm txog cov noob caj noob ces, kev hloov pauv ntawm caj ces, thiab caj ces ntawm cov kab mob nyob. | Epigenetics yog qhov hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom qub txeeg qub teg hauv cov noob qhia uas tsis cuam tshuam txog kev hloov pauv ntawm DNA ib ntus. |
| Phenotypic Traits | |
| Nyob hauv noob caj noob ces, phenotypic zoo yog tsim nrog cov qub txeeg qub teg ntawm cov ntaub ntawv caj ces nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm noob. | Nyob rau hauv epigenetics, kev loj hlob ntawm phenotypic zoo tshwm sim los ntawm lwm yam xws li ib puag ncig thiab kev coj tus cwj pwm. |
Summary – Genetics vs Epigenetics
Kev noob caj noob ces thiab epigenetics piav qhia qhov sib txawv phenotypic kev hloov pauv hauv cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov kab mob sib txawv nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm kev tshawb fawb niaj hnub no. Genetics yog ib txoj hauv kev ntawm kev tshawb fawb tsom mus rau txoj kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov noob caj noob ces, kev hloov pauv thiab kev hloov caj ces ntawm cov kab mob nyob. Gregor Mendel tau piav qhia tias qhov sib txawv ntawm cov kab mob kis tau los ntawm ib tiam mus rau lwm tus los ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm cov qub txeeg qub teg, uas tau raug hu ua noob. Nrog rau lub sijhawm, kev sim sib txawv tau qhia tias DNA yog cov molecule uas yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev ua qub txeeg qub teg uas cov ntaub ntawv caj ces yuav raug xa mus rau tiam tom ntej los ntawm yav dhau los khaws cia. Cov noob caj noob ces pib txoj kev tshawb fawb ntawm ntau pawg xws li epigenetics thiab cov noob caj noob ces. Epigenetics hais txog kev loj hlob ntawm cov cuab yeej cuab tam sib txawv vim muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm lwm yam xws li kev coj tus cwj pwm, ib puag ncig. Qhov no yog qhov txawv ntawm cov noob caj noob ces thiab epigenetics.
Download PDF Version of Genetics vs Epigenetics
Koj tuaj yeem rub tawm PDF version ntawm kab lus no thiab siv nws rau offline hom phiaj raws li daim ntawv ceeb toom. Thov rub tawm PDF version ntawm no Qhov Sib txawv Ntawm Cov Neeg Txawj Ntse thiab Epigenetics.
