Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov txawv - Taxonomy vs Phylogeny
Taxonomy thiab phylogeny yog ob lub ntsiab lus koom nrog hauv kev faib cov kab mob. Taxonomy yog ib ceg ntawm biology uas cuam tshuam txog lub npe thiab faib cov kab mob raws li lawv qhov zoo sib xws thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv cov yam ntxwv. Phylogeny yog ib ceg ntawm kev tshawb fawb uas cuam tshuam txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm ib hom lossis ib pab pawg neeg nrog cov poj koob yawm txwv. Yog li, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm taxonomy thiab phylogeny yog tias taxonomy suav nrog kev naming thiab cais cov kab mob thaum phylogeny cuam tshuam txog kev hloov pauv ntawm hom lossis pawg hom. Phylogeny yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv taxonomy.
Taxonomy yog dab tsi?
Taxonomy yog ib ceg ntawm biology uas npe thiab faib cov kab mob raws li lawv qhov sib xws thiab qhov sib txawv. Nyob zoo li cov kab mob uas ploj lawm yog pawg raws li cov cai hauv kev sau se. Cov kab mob tau muab tso rau hauv pawg los ntawm kev suav lawv cov yam ntxwv sib koom xws li cov yam ntxwv morphological, phylogenetic yam ntxwv, DNA cov ntaub ntawv, thiab lwm yam. Cov pab pawg ntawm cov kab mob hu ua taxa (singular: taxon). Taxa tau muab cov qib taxonomic thiab tau muab sib sau ua ke rau hauv pawg super ntawm qib siab dua los tsim kom muaj kev sau se ntawm hierarchy.
Kev faib tawm ntawm cov kab mob yog thawj zaug qhia los ntawm Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus. Yog li ntawd, Carl Linnaeus yog suav tias yog leej txiv ntawm taxonomy. Nws tsim ib lub npe hu ua Linnaean taxonomy thiab binomial nomenclature rau categorizing thiab naming kab mob. Lwm tus American evolutionist, Ernst Mayr tau hais tias 'taxonomy yog txoj kev xav thiab kev coj ua ntawm kev faib cov kab mob'.
Taxonomy suav nrog cov txheej txheem thiab cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov txheej txheem botany thiab zoology. Nws tso cai rau lub rearrangement ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj nyob rau hauv lub taxonomic hierarchy. Taxonomic hierarchy suav nrog yim theem. Lawv yog domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, tsev neeg, genus thiab hom. Domain yog suav tias yog qib siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov kab mob 'kev faib tawm. Muaj peb lub npe. Lawv yog cov kab mob, Achaea thiab Eukaryota. Muaj tsib lub tebchaws loj: monera, protista, fungi, plantae thiab animalia.
Daim duab 01: Taxonomy
Thaum pom cov tsiaj tshiab, lawv raug xa mus rau hauv taxa hauv taxonomic hierarchy. Yog li ntawd, taxonomy yog ib daim teb uas tsis tas yuav xaus. Taxonomic kev ua haujlwm nce qib txhua hnub nrog nrhiav cov kab mob tshiab.
Phylogeny yog dab tsi?
Phylogeny yog keeb kwm evolutionary ntawm ib hom lossis ib pawg ntawm hom. Hauv daim teb no, cov kab mob sib cais raws li kev sib raug zoo evolutionary. Nws suav nrog kev sib piv cytology, kev sib piv ntawm DNA, cov cim morphological, sib koom cov poj koob yawm txwv thiab cov cim tau los. Cov kev sib raug zoo evolutionary no yog qhov tseem ceeb thaum tsim pawg taxonomic. Phylogenic ntoo yog tsim los qhia txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov kab mob. Ib tsob ntoo phylogenetic lossis evolutionary tsob ntoo tuaj yeem txhais tau tias yog ib daim duab duab los yog tsob ntoo zoo li cov qauv uas qhia txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm ntau hom tsiaj lossis lwm yam. Cov ceg ntawm tsob ntoo qhia qhov sib txawv ntawm cov hom tshiab los ntawm cov poj koob yawm txwv. Tus qauv branching ntawm tsob ntoo piav qhia yuav ua li cas hom tsiaj hauv tsob ntoo hloov zuj zus los ntawm ntau cov poj koob yawm txwv. Thaum kawg ntawm txhua kab kab rov tav ntawm tsob ntoo evolutionary, muaj hom.
Daim duab 02: Phylogenetic tree
Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntoo phylogenetic no yog hypothetic. Lawv tsim raws li morphological lossis genetic homology. Anatomical traits qhia cov evolutionary kev sib raug zoo thaum genetic sib txawv qhia cov poj koob yawm txwv genes.
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm Taxonomy thiab Phylogeny?
- Taxonomy thiab phylogeny yog ceg ntawm biology
- Ob ceg yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev faib cov kab mob.
Qhov txawv ntawm Taxonomy thiab Phylogeny yog dab tsi?
Taxonomy vs Phylogeny |
|
| Taxonomy yog thaj chaw ntawm biology uas faib cov kab mob nyob thiab cov uas ploj mus raws li cov cai. | Phylogeny yog keeb kwm evolutionary ntawm ib hom lossis pawg hom. |
| Kev txhawj xeeb tseem ceeb | |
| Txoj kev txiav txim siab muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog npe thiab cais cov kab mob. | Phylogeny txhawj xeeb txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov kab mob. |
|
Shared Evolutionary History | |
| Taxonomy tsis qhia dab tsi txog kev sib koom ua ke ntawm keeb kwm ntawm cov kab mob. | Phylogeny qhia txog keeb kwm kev hloov pauv hloov pauv. |
Summary – Taxonomy vs Phylogeny
Taxonomy thiab phylogeny yog ob nqe lus hais txog kev faib cov kab mob. Taxonomy piav qhia txog cov dej num ntsig txog kev faib thiab npe cov kab mob nyob. Phylogeny piav qhia txog keeb kwm evolutionary ntawm ib hom lossis ib pawg ntawm hom. Qhov no yog qhov txawv ntawm taxonomy thiab phylogeny. Phylogenetic ntoo yog tsim los txiav txim siab txog keeb kwm evolutionary thiab kev sib raug zoo. Txawm hais tias cov ntoo no yog qhov kev tsim kho, phylogeny yog ib qho cuab yeej muaj txiaj ntsig hauv kev sau se thaum faib cov kab mob.
Download PDF Version of Taxonomy vs Phylogeny
Koj tuaj yeem rub tawm PDF version ntawm kab lus no thiab siv nws rau offline hom phiaj raws li cov ntawv sau tseg. Thov download PDF version ntawm no Qhov txawv Ntawm Taxonomy thiab Phylogeny.
