Qhov txawv ntawm Ontology thiab Taxonomy

Qhov txawv ntawm Ontology thiab Taxonomy
Qhov txawv ntawm Ontology thiab Taxonomy

Video: Qhov txawv ntawm Ontology thiab Taxonomy

Video: Qhov txawv ntawm Ontology thiab Taxonomy
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Ontology vs Taxonomy

Ob qho tib si ontology thiab taxonomy cuam tshuam nrog kev txheeb xyuas cov khoom thiab teeb tsa cov hauv kev txiav txim, kom nws yooj yim kawm. Ob qho kev qhuab qhia no kawm txog cov khoom, tab sis cov txheej txheem ntawm cov txheej txheem sib txawv. Txawm li cas los xij, taxonomy yuav raug pom raws li ontology, tab sis muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm ob. Cov kev qhuab qhia no muaj qhov dav, tab sis lawv cov ceg ntawm biology tau tham hauv kab lus no.

Ontology

Ontology tuaj yeem txhais luv luv raws li kev kawm ntawm qee yam hauv cov ntaub ntawv. Nws yog ib txoj hauv kev los kawm cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm kev siv cov pawg thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov. Ontology tuaj yeem muaj txoj hauv kev tsis kawg ntawm kev faib cov ntaub ntawv lossis cov ntaub ntawv, uas txawv ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb. Txhua yam tuaj yeem kawm ontologically, thiab thaum cov tsiaj hauv ntiaj teb raug coj mus rau hauv cov ncauj lus no, lawv yuav raug muab tso rau hauv pawg thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov pawg yuav raug kawm. Tsiaj txhu los ntawm Asia, Africa, Australia, thiab lwm yam tuaj yeem yog ib txoj hauv kev.

Tsis muaj hierarchy hauv ontology, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem no. Piv txwv li, tsis muaj ib pawg ntawm cov pawg no (Asia, Africa, Australia, thiab lwm yam) tuaj yeem muab tso siab dua los ntawm lwm tus, tab sis lawv txhua tus muaj qhov tseem ceeb ntawm txhua yam. Elephas maximus maximus yog Sri Lankan ntxhw, uas yog subspecies; Loxodonta africana yog African ntxhw, uas yog hom. Ob tug tsiaj yog taxonomically muab tso rau hauv ntau theem, tab sis ontologically ob leeg tsiaj sib koom tib hierarchy li ntxhw los ntawm ob pawg. Qhov zoo sib xws thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm ob tus tsiaj tuaj yeem kawm tom qab txiav txim siab lawv hauv ob pawg no.

Ontology yog qhov qhia meej meej ntawm cov teeb meem uas twb muaj lawm raws li kev xav, uas tsis muaj kev txwv hauv kev faib, txheeb, npe, txhais, thiab lwm yam.

Taxonomy

Taxonomy yog kev qhuab qhia ntawm kev faib cov kab mob mus rau hauv taxa los ntawm kev npaj lawv raws li kev txiav txim siab heev. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias cov kws sau se sau se ua lub npe ntawm se nrog Lub Nceeg Vaj, Phylum, Chav Kawm, Kev Txiav Txim, Tsev Neeg, Genus, Hom, thiab lwm qib taxonomic. Kev saib xyuas ntawm kev sau cov qauv yog ib qho ntawm ntau lub luag haujlwm uas tus kws sau se yuav ua. Taxonomy muab cov yuam sij txheeb xyuas los ntawm kev kawm cov qauv. Kev faib tawm ntawm qee hom yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau kev ciaj sia, thiab kev sau se ncaj qha nrog kev kawm txog qhov ntawd, thiab. Ib qho ntawm cov haujlwm paub zoo uas cov kws sau paj lug ua yog lub npe ntawm cov kab mob nrog lub npe thiab cov npe tshwj xeeb, uas qee zaum ua raws li cov npe npe.

Species yog scientific piav nyob rau hauv taxonomy, uas muaj xws li ob hom uas extant thiab ploj lawm. Txij li thaum ib puag ncig hloov pauv txhua lub sijhawm, cov tsiaj yuav tsum yoog raws, thiab qhov tshwm sim no tshwm sim sai ntawm cov kab; taxonomical yam tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum tau hloov kho rau tej pab pawg neeg ntawm cov kab mob raws li cov lus piav qhia rau ib yam tsiaj tau hloov nyob rau hauv ib tug me me lub sij hawm. Raws li qhov no, lub npe kuj tseem yuav raug hloov nrog cov lus piav qhia tshiab tsim cov se tshiab.

Taxonomy yog ib thaj chaw txaus nyiam hauv biology nrog kev koom tes ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb muaj siab heev uas mob siab rau kev qhuab qhia, thiab lawv feem ntau dhau los ntawm ntau yam kev nyuaj siab hauv lub cev.

Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm Ontology thiab Taxonomy?

• Ontology tab tom kawm txog cov ntaub ntawv tam sim no lossis cov koom haum los ntawm categorizing raws li qhov nyiam, whereas taxonomy yog kev kawm cov ntaub ntawv siv tus qauv hierarchical.

• Ontology yuav ua tau ib tug qauv thaum taxonomy yuav yog tsob ntoo.

• Ob txoj hauv kev muaj pawg; pawg taxonomical yog teem raws li super hom - sub hom qauv, tab sis tag nrho cov pawg muaj ib yam tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv ontology.

• Cov ntsiab lus, cov ntsiab lus, cov ntsiab lus, kev sib raug zoo, thiab pawg tsis muaj kawg nyob rau hauv ib qho kev qhia ontological, whereas cov ntsiab lus no tau raug txiav txim siab hauv taxonomy.

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