Qhov Tseem Ceeb - Heterosis vs Inbreeding Depression
Kev yug me nyuam yog ib txoj kev siv los tsim lossis tsim cov xeeb ntxwv nrog cov phenotypes uas xav tau. Kev cog qoob loo cog qoob loo yog ib qho kev coj ua los txhim kho ntau yam tshiab thiab cog qoob loo nrog cov txiaj ntsig zoo. Inbreeding thiab outbreeding yog ob hom kev yug me nyuam uas siv los ntawm cov kws yug tsiaj. Inbreeding yog tus txheej txheem ntawm mating cov tib neeg uas muaj kev sib txuas ntawm caj ces. Inbreeding nce homozygosity hauv progenies. Outbreeding yog ua los ntawm ob tus neeg uas tsis muaj kev sib raug zoo lossis nyob deb. Outbreeding pab txhawb kev sib xyaw ntawm cov noob thiab ua rau muaj kev sib txawv ntawm cov noob caj noob ces. Inbreeding kev nyuaj siab thiab heterosis yog ob nqe lus hais txog kev yug me nyuam thiab kev yug me nyuam. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm heterosis thiab inbreeding kev nyuaj siab yog tias heterosis yog kev txhim kho ntawm cov yam ntxwv vim yog kev sib xyaw ntawm cov noob los ntawm ob tus neeg sib txawv thaum lub sij hawm yug me nyuam thaum inbreeding kev nyuaj siab yog txo qis kev lom zem ntawm cov xeeb ntxwv vim qhov nce homozygosity los ntawm inbreeding ntawm ze ze. cov neeg txheeb ze.
YHeterosis yog dab tsi?
Heterosis lossis hybrid vigor yog kev txhim kho ntawm cov xeeb ceem ntawm cov xeeb ceem ntawm niam txiv. Cov yam ntxwv zoo dua lossis qhov zoo tshaj no tau piav qhia tias yog heterosis. Qhov no tshwm sim vim muaj kev hloov pauv caj ces siab hauv cov genomes ntawm cov xeeb ntxwv. Kev hloov pauv caj ces nce ntxiv thaum cov niam txiv sib txawv ntawm niam txiv sib koom ua ke. Heterosis tshwm sim vim muaj kev tswj hwm lossis kev tswj hwm. Cov xeeb ntxwv tau yoog raws qhov chaw ib puag ncig vim lawv muaj qib siab dua.
Cov kev pab cuam yug me nyuam ib txwm sim tsim cov xeeb ntxwv nrog cov yam ntxwv xav tau lossis cov yam ntxwv zoo dua. Yog li ntawd, breeders nyiam ua crossbreeding los yog outbreeding tshaj inbreeding. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev yug me nyuam yog kom ua tiav heterosis hauv cov xeeb ntxwv. Kev yug me nyuam muaj feem ntau yuav tsim cov xeeb ntxwv nrog cov yam ntxwv zoo dua li niam txiv tus yam ntxwv.
Kev nyuaj siab yog dab tsi?
Inbreeding yog txheej txheem mating ua los ntawm cov noob caj noob ces. Hauv cov neeg me, kev sib raug zoo nrog cov txheeb ze muaj ntau ntawm cov tsiaj. Nws tsub kom homozygosity nyob rau hauv lub successive tiam thiab txo lawv cov kev lom zem zog. Qhov txo qis ntawm kev noj qab haus huv hauv cov menyuam yaus uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev yug me nyuam yog hu ua inbreeding kev nyuaj siab. Cov progenies tsis tuaj yeem rov tsim dua thiab muaj sia nyob hauv qhov chaw hloov pauv. Kev nce homozygosity ua rau txo qis ntawm kev hloov pauv caj ces hauv cov genomes ntawm lawv cov xeeb ntxwv. Yog li ntawd, cov tib neeg no tsis tshua hloov mus rau ib puag ncig. Thaum qhov kev hloov ntawm cov noob caj noob ces nyob rau hauv cov genome tsawg dua, cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv yuav raug kev nyuaj siab inbreeding; Thaum muaj kev hloov pauv hauv cov genomes siab, lawv tsis tshua muaj feem cuam tshuam rau kev nyuaj siab inbreeding. Inbreeding kev nyuaj siab heev cuam tshuam rau cov pej xeem me me txwv rau thaj chaw me, tab sis nws tsis cuam tshuam rau cov pej xeem loj dua kis mus rau thaj chaw loj dua.
Inbreeding nce kev qhia ntawm deleterious recessive allele qhia hauv cov xeeb ntxwv. Thaum F1 cov pej xeem kis nrog ib qho kev tshem tawm tsis zoo, kev sib xyaw ntawm F1 progeny ua rau homozygous recessive allele hauv cov xeeb ntxwv. Yog li ntawd, qhov deleterious recessive allele qhia tau pom nyob rau hauv progeny raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm inbreeding.
Daim duab 02: Kev nyuaj siab
Qhov txawv ntawm Heterosis thiab Inbreeding Depression yog dab tsi?
Heterosis vs Inbreeding Depression |
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| Heterosis yog qhov tshwm sim uas txhim kho cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov xeeb ceem hybrid dua li cov niam txiv vim yog kev sib xyaw ntawm cov genome lossis kev yug me nyuam. | Kev nyuaj siab yog ib qho tshwm sim uas piav qhia txog qhov txo qis ntawm kev noj qab haus huv hauv cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv vim yog inbreeding. |
| Parental Genome | |
| Heterosis tshwm sim vim yog kev sib tw ntawm ob tus neeg sib txawv uas muaj cov genomes sib txawv. | Kev nyuaj siab yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib koom ntawm cov neeg txheeb ze. |
| Ntxhais kev hloov pauv ntawm Genomes | |
| Heterosis yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev hloov pauv caj ces siab ntawm cov genome ntawm niam txiv. | Kev nyuaj siab yog ib qho tshwm sim ntawm kev hloov pauv caj ces qis. |
| Kev hloov mus rau ib puag ncig | |
| Cov xeeb ntxwv uas qhia tias heterosis tau yoog zoo rau ib puag ncig. | Cov tub ntxhais kawm tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv mus rau qhov chaw hloov pauv. |
| yam ntxwv | |
| Cov xeeb ntxwv qhia cov yam ntxwv zoo dua li cov niam txiv. | Cov xeeb ntxwv qhia cov yam ntxwv qis dua lawv niam lawv txiv. |
Summary – Heterosis vs Inbreeding Depression
Kev yug me nyuam txo qis cov me nyuam muaj peev xwm ciaj sia thiab yug me nyuam los ntawm kev txo qis kev lom zem. Qhov no tshwm sim yog hu ua inbreeding kev nyuaj siab. Nws yog tshwm sim los ntawm ntau homozygosity nyob rau hauv lub genomes ntawm cov me nyuam. Outbreeding yog ua los ntawm cov tib neeg tsis sib xws thiab nws txhim kho cov noob sib xyaw thiab kev sib txawv ntawm cov noob caj noob ces hauv cov genomes ntawm nws cov xeeb ntxwv. Feem ntau ntawm cov yam ntxwv yog txhim kho los ntawm genome sib xyaw ntawm cov neeg nyob deb los yog tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam. Qhov no tshwm sim yog hu ua outbreeding li los yog heterosis. Heterosis tuaj yeem piav qhia yooj yim raws li cov xeeb ntxwv hybrid uas qhia cov yam ntxwv zoo tshaj rau cov niam txiv; inbreeding kev nyuaj siab yog qhov opposite ntawm heterosis, qhov twg hybrids qhia inferior yam ntxwv rau cov niam txiv. Qhov no yog qhov txawv ntawm heterosis thiab inbreeding kev nyuaj siab.
