Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov txawv - Octet vs Duplet
Muaj tshuaj lom neeg thiab tsis muaj zog atoms lossis cov khoom sib txuas tam sim no. Cov yam ntxwv no feem ntau yog nyob ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm cov electrons tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub plhaub sab nraud ntawm lub atoms. Atoms muaj cov plhaub tsis tiav tuaj yeem ua haujlwm kom ua tiav lawv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob kom ruaj khov. Atoms uas tsis muaj zog muaj ib tug ua tiav electron configuration; Yog li, cov atoms no tsis hnov mob nrog lwm cov atom tshwj tsis yog nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb. Noble gases yeej ib txwm inactive nyob rau hauv cov xwm. Yog li ntawd, lawv hu ua inert gases. Inert gases yog nyob rau hauv lub yim kem nyob rau hauv lub periodic rooj. Lwm cov ntsiab lus nyob rau tib lub sij hawm (kab) zoo li tau txais cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm cov roj inert nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, uas yog daim ntawv ruaj khov tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej. Active atoms yuav ua kom tiav cov xov tooj ntawm electrons raws li txoj cai octet los yog duplet txoj cai. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm octet thiab duplet yog tias octet yog ib qho atom lossis ib qho ion muaj qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm yim electrons nyob rau hauv lub plhaub sab nraud thaum duplet yog ib qho atom muaj qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm ob lub electrons nyob rau hauv lub plhaub sab nraud.
Octet yog dab tsi?
Ib qho octet yog ib qho atom lossis ib qho ion uas muaj yim electrons hauv lub plhaub sab nraud ntawm lub atom. Tag nrho cov noble gases tshwj tsis yog helium muaj yim electrons thiab inert nyob rau hauv cov xwm. Kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob ntawm cov pa roj zoo ib txwm yuav xaus raws li hauv qab no.
ns2 np6
Piv txwv li, lub teeb tsa hluav taws xob ntawm Neon yog 1s22s22p6. Neon yog ib qho roj inert.
Lwm yam muaj xya, rau, thiab lwm yam.electrons nyob rau sab nraud orbital nyiam ua raws li txoj cai octet los ntawm kev tau txais electrons los ntawm sab nraud; qee lwm cov ntsiab lus uas muaj ib, ob, thiab lwm yam. electrons yuav plam electrons thiab tau txais cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm qhov ze tshaj plaws inert gas. Tab sis lwm cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub sij hawm lub sij hawm yuav tsim ib tug tshiab daim ntawv cog lus nrog cov ntsiab lus muaj tshaj electrons los qhia cov electrons thiab ua ib tug octet.
Daim duab 01: Neon, ib qho octet
Dab tsi yog Duplet?
Hydrogen atom thiab helium atom yog cov khoom me tshaj plaws hauv cov xwm txheej thiab tsuas muaj ib lub orbital nyob ib ncig ntawm lawv cov nucleus. Lub orbital no hu ua 1s orbital. Lub orbital no tuaj yeem muaj qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm ob lub electrons. Hydrogen atom muaj ib tug electron thiab helium muaj ob electrons. Yog li ntawd, helium yog hu ua duplet. Helium muaj ntau tshaj plaws ntawm cov electrons uas nws muaj peev xwm muaj; yog li nws yog ib qho chaw ruaj khov hauv qhov xwm txheej. Yog li ntawd, Helium kuj yog ib qho roj inert. Tab sis hydrogen tsuas muaj ib qho hluav taws xob thiab tib lub orbital nws muaj tsis tiav. Yog li, hydrogen atom ib leeg yog reactive heev thiab nws nyhav tsim ib daim ntawv cog lus nrog lwm cov hydrogen atom los ntawm kev sib koom tib electrons lawv muaj. Tom qab ntawd cov hydrogen atoms dhau los ua duplets raws li lawv tam sim no muaj ob lub electrons nyob rau hauv lawv cov orbitals sab nraud. Tab sis Lithium kuj tuaj yeem coj tus cwj pwm zoo li duplet los ntawm kev tshem cov hluav taws xob los ntawm nws qhov chaw sab nraud. Kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob ntawm Lithium yog 1s22s1 Los ntawm kev tshem tawm 2s1 electron, nws tuaj yeem ua tau ib duple. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, Nws, H– thiab Li+ yog duplets uas muaj peev xwm nyob tau ruaj khov duplets.
Tag nrho duplets muaj electron configuration xaus raws li nram no.
ns2
Daim duab 02: Helium, ib duplet
Qhov txawv ntawm Octet thiab Duplet yog dab tsi?
Octet vs Duplet |
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| Octet muaj yim electrons nyob rau hauv lub plhaub sab nraud. | Duplet muaj ob lub tshuab hluav taws xob hauv lub plhaub sab nraud. |
| Common Electron Configuration | |
| Octet has ns2 np6hom electron configuration tom kawg. | Duplet muaj ns2 hom teeb tsa thaum kawg. |
| Octet yuav muaj tsawg kawg yog ob lub orbitals. | Ib tug duplet muaj ib lub orbital xwb. |
| Type of Orbitals | |
| Ib qho octet tuaj yeem muaj txhua hom orbitals xws li s, p, d, f, thiab lwm yam. | Duplet tsuas muaj s orbital. |
Summary – Octet vs Duplet
Tag nrho cov ntsiab lus yuav ua kom ruaj khov. Tab sis nrog tsis tiav electron configurations, atoms tsis tuaj yeem ruaj khov; Yog li, lawv dhau los ua reactive heev thiaj li ua rau lub plhaub nrog cov hluav taws xob los ntawm kev nce, poob lossis sib koom electrons. Cov atoms lossis molecules uas ua raws li txoj cai octet lossis duplet yog ruaj khov. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm octet thiab duplet yog tias octet muaj yim electrons nyob rau hauv nws sab nrauv orbital whereas duplet muaj ob electrons nyob rau hauv nws orbital.
