Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov txawv - Apomixis vs Parthenogenesis
Paj tsim, meiosis, mitosis thiab ob chav fertilization yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev tsim cov noob. Nyob rau hauv ib txwm muaj kev sib deev lub voj voog, kev tsim cov haploid gametes thiab fusion ntawm txiv neej thiab poj niam gametes ua cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb uas ua rau tsim cov embryo uas dhau los ua cov noob. Noob germinate thiab tsim cov nroj tsuag tshiab thiab txuas ntxiv lub neej voj voog. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv qee cov nroj tsuag noob tsim tshwm sim asexually yam tsis ua raws li cov lus hais saum toj no loj ob theem meiosis thiab fertilization. Nws yog lub npe hu ua apomixis. Hauv qee cov nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj txhu, cov tib neeg tshiab tau tsim ncaj qha los ntawm ovules uas tsis muaj menyuam. Cov txheej txheem hu ua parthenogenesis. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm apomixis thiab parthenogenesis yog tias apomixis yog cov txheej txheem uas tsim cov noob tsis muaj fertilization thaum parthenogenesis yog ib lo lus dav dav uas piav txog cov txheej txheem uas tsim cov xeeb ntxwv ncaj qha los ntawm cov qe qe tsis muaj fertilized.
Apomixis yog dab tsi?
Kev loj hlob ntawm noob yog txheej txheem nyuaj uas ua tiav ob peb kauj ruam tseem ceeb thaum lub sij hawm kev sib deev ntawm cov noob nroj tsuag. Nws tshwm sim los ntawm paj tsim, pollination, meiosis, mitosis, ob fertilization, thiab lwm yam. Meiosis thiab fertilization yog cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev tsim cov noob thiab kev sib deev vim diploid megaspore niam cell yuav tsum undergo meiosis los tsim haploid megaspore thiab thaum kawg tsim qe cell. Qe cell yuav tsum tau fused nrog phev cell los tsim ib tug diploid zygote uas loj hlob mus rau hauv lub embryo (noob). Txawm li cas los xij, hauv qee cov nroj tsuag, ob peb kauj ruam tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib deev kev sib deev yog bypassed hauv kev tsim cov noob. Hauv lwm lo lus, kev sib deev muaj peev xwm ua rau luv luv hauv qee cov nroj tsuag los tsim cov noob. Cov txheej txheem no hu ua apomixis. Apomixes tuaj yeem txhais tau tias yog txheej txheem tsim cov noob tsis muaj meiosis thiab fertilization (syngamy). Nws yog ib hom kev yug me nyuam asexual uas ua raws li kev sib deev. Nws tseem hu ua agamospermy.
Apomixis tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob hom loj hu ua gametophytic apomixes thiab sporophytic apomixes raws li txoj kev embryo tsim. Gametophytic apomixes tshwm sim ntawm gametophyte thiab sporophytic apomixes tshwm sim ntawm ncaj qha los ntawm diploid sporophyte. Kev sib deev li qub tsim cov noob uas muab cov xeeb ntxwv sib txawv. Vim tias tsis muaj fertilization hauv apomixis, nws ua rau cov noob qoob loo zoo sib xws rau leej niam.
Apomixis tsis pom nyob rau hauv feem ntau cov nroj tsuag. Nws tsis nyob hauv ntau cov qoob loo tseem ceeb. Txawm li cas los xij, vim nws qhov txiaj ntsig zoo, cov kws cog qoob loo sim siv cov txheej txheem no los ua cov cuab yeej siv los tsim cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov neeg siv khoom.
Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm Apomixis
Nws muaj qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo hauv cov txheej txheem apomixis. Cov tib neeg zoo ib yam tuaj yeem tsim tau zoo thiab nrawm los ntawm apomixes vim nws ua rau cov noob qoob loo zoo ib yam rau niam txiv. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm niam cov nroj tsuag tuaj yeem khaws cia thiab siv los ntawm apomixis rau ntau tiam neeg. Hybrid vigor yog tus yam ntxwv tseem ceeb uas ua rau heterosis. Apomixis pab txuag hybrid vigor rau tiam neeg hauv ntau hom qoob loo. Txawm li cas los xij, apomixis yog ib qho tshwm sim nyuaj uas tsis muaj qhov tseeb ntawm caj ces. Kev saib xyuas ntawm apomictic stocks yog qhov nyuaj tshwj tsis yog txuas nrog tus cim morphological thaum lub sijhawm txhim kho.
Feem ntau apomicts yog facultative uas qhia ob qho tib si kev sib deev thiab asexual noob formations.
Daim duab 01: Zaub Apomixis qhia los ntawm Poa bulbosa
Parthenogenesis yog dab tsi?
Parthenogenesis yog ib hom kev yug me nyuam uas feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv cov kab mob, feem ntau yog los ntawm qee cov invertebrates thiab cov nroj tsuag qis. Nws tuaj yeem piav qhia raws li tus txheej txheem uas lub zes qe menyuam tsis muaj menyuam loj hlob mus rau ib tus neeg (kev yug menyuam) yam tsis muaj fertilization. Yog li ntawd, nws tuaj yeem suav tau tias yog ib txoj hauv kev ntawm asexual reproduction. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tseem tuaj yeem txhais tau tias nws yog kev sib deev tsis tiav vim tias tsuas yog kev sib xyaw ntawm ob gametes tsis tuaj yeem nyob hauv txoj kev sib deev. Parthenogenesis tuaj yeem tsim kev tsim tawm txawm tias nyob hauv cov tsiaj yug tsiaj los tsim ib tus neeg yam tsis tau mus txog fertilization. Thaum lub sij hawm parthenogenesis txheej txheem, lub qe unfertilized yog tsim los rau hauv ib tug tshiab kab mob; Cov kab mob tshwm sim yog haploid thiab nws tsis tuaj yeem raug meiosis. Lawv feem ntau yog genetic zoo tib yam rau niam txiv. Muaj ntau ntau hom parthenogenesis: facultative parthenogenesis, haploid parthenogenesis, arthenogenesis thiab cyclic parthenogenesis.
Nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej, parthenogenesis tshwm sim hauv ntau kab. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv muv, poj huab tais muv tuaj yeem tsim cov qe fertilized lossis unfertilized qe; unfertilized qe ua txiv neej drones los ntawm parthenogenesis.
Daim duab 02: Txiv neej drone bee
Qhov txawv ntawm Apomixis thiab Parthenogenesis yog dab tsi?
Apomixis vs Parthenogenesis |
|
| Apomixis tuaj yeem txhais tau tias yog lub tswv yim uas tsim cov noob asexually. | Parthenogenesis tuaj yeem txhais tau tias yog tus txheej txheem uas tsim cov tib neeg ncaj qha los ntawm cov qe tsis muaj menyuam lossis ovules. |
| Nws tsim cov noob qoob loo zoo tib yam noob qoob loo lossis niam clones. | Nws tsim noob caj noob ces zoo tib yam poj niam progeny |
| Shown by | |
| Apomixis qhia los ntawm qee cov nroj tsuag. | Parthenogenesis yog qhia los ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj. |
Summary – Apomixis vs Parthenogenesis
Apomixis thiab parthenogenesis yog ob hom kev yug me nyuam. Apomixis tsim cov noob tsis muaj meiosis thiab fertilization thiab ua rau niam clones. Parthenogenesis tsim cov neeg tshiab ncaj qha los ntawm cov qe qe tsis muaj menyuam. Qhov no yog qhov txawv ntawm apomixis thiab parthenogenesis.
