Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov txawv - Retrovirus vs Bacteriophage
Viruses yog cov kab mob me me uas rov ua dua hauv cov kab mob uas muaj sia nyob. Lawv muaj peev xwm kis tau yuav luag tag nrho cov kab mob nyob nrog rau tsiaj, nroj tsuag thiab kab mob. Lawv yog cov microscopic hais txog cov protein capsids thiab DNA lossis RNA genome. Lub genome ntawm tus kab mob tuaj yeem yog DNA lossis RNA, ib leeg stranded lossis ob txoj hlua khi, ncig lossis tawm. Raws li B altimore cov txheej txheem kev faib tawm, cov kab mob tuaj yeem muab faib ua xya pawg raws li hom genome uas lawv muaj. Retrovirus thiab bacteriophage yog ob yam tseem ceeb ntawm tus kab mob. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm retrovirus thiab bacteriophage yog tias retrovirus yog ib pawg ntawm cov kab mob uas muaj qhov kev nkag siab zoo ib leeg-stranded RNA genome thiab tuaj yeem rov ua dua los ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm DNA thaum bacteriophage yog cov kab mob kis kab mob uas muaj DNA lossis RNA genome..
Retrovirus yog dab tsi?
Retrovirus yog ib pab pawg kab mob uas muaj qhov kev nkag siab zoo ib leeg-tso RNA genome. Lawv muaj ib qho enzyme hu ua thim rov qab transcriptase thiab lawv cov kev rov ua dua tshwm sim ntawm DNA nruab nrab. Kev tsim cov DNA nruab nrab thaum lub sijhawm rov ua dua yog qhov tshwj xeeb rau pawg kab mob no.
Thaum kis tus kab mob, cov kab mob retroviruses txuas nrog lub xov tooj ntawm tes los ntawm cov glycoproteins tshwj xeeb nyob rau sab nrauv ntawm cov kab mob. Lawv fuse nrog lub cell membrane thiab nkag mus rau hauv lub host cell. Tom qab nkag mus rau hauv lub party cell cytoplasm, retrovirus thim rov qab transcribes nws genome mus rau hauv ob-stranded DNA siv thim rov qab transcriptase enzyme. Cov DNA tshiab suav nrog rau hauv tus tswv tsev genome siv ib qho enzyme hu ua integrase. Txawm hais tias tus kab mob tshwm sim, tus tswv tsev cell tsis paub txog tus kab mob DNA tom qab kev koom ua ke. Li no, thaum lub sij hawm tus tswv tsev genome replication, viral genome replicates thiab tsim cov proteins tsim nyog los ua cov ntawv luam tshiab ntawm cov kab mob.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) thiab human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV) yog tib neeg retroviruses. HIV ua rau kab mob AIDs, thiab HTLV ua rau leukemia.
Vim lawv lub peev xwm ntuj tso cov kab mob genome hauv cov kab mob hauv lub cev, cov kab mob retroviruses tau siv rau hauv cov kab mob xa mus, thiab lawv suav tias yog cov cuab yeej tshawb fawb tseem ceeb hauv Molecular Biology.
Daim duab 01: HIV replication
Bacteriophage yog dab tsi?
A bacteriophage (phage) yog tus kab mob uas kis tau thiab nthuav tawm hauv cov kab mob tshwj xeeb. Lawv kuj hu ua cov kab mob noj vim lawv ua cov kab mob bactericidal. Cov kab mob Bacteriophages tau tshawb pom los ntawm Frederick W. Twort hauv xyoo 1915 thiab hu ua bacteriophages los ntawm Felix d'Herelle xyoo 1917. Lawv yog cov kab mob ntau tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Lawv kuj yog tsim los ntawm genome thiab protein capsid. Bacteriophage genome tuaj yeem yog DNA lossis RNA. Tab sis feem coob ntawm cov kab mob bacteriophages yog ob-kab DNA kab mob.
Bacteriophages yog tshwj xeeb rau ib tus kab mob lossis ib pawg kab mob tshwj xeeb. Lawv muaj npe nrog cov kab mob los yog hom kab mob uas lawv kis tau. Piv txwv li, bacteriophages uas kis tau tus kab mob E coli hu ua coliphages. Muaj cov duab sib txawv hauv cov kab mob bacteriophages. Cov duab zoo tshaj plaws uas cov kab mob bacteriophages muaj yog lub taub hau thiab tus Tsov tus tw.
Bacteriophages yuav tsum kis tus tswv cell kom rov tsim dua. Lawv txuas nruj rau cov phab ntsa ntawm cov kab mob uas siv lawv cov receptors saum npoo thiab txhaj lawv cov khoom siv caj ces rau hauv lub cell. Bacteriophages tuaj yeem kis tau ob hom kab mob hu ua lytic thiab lysogenic voj voog. Nws nyob ntawm hom phage. Hauv lub voj voog lytic, bacteriophages kis cov kab mob thiab tua cov kab mob sai sai los ntawm lysis. Nyob rau hauv lub voj voog lysogenic, cov khoom siv tshuaj tua kab mob ua ke nrog cov kab mob genome lossis plasmids thiab muaj nyob rau hauv lub xov tooj ntawm tes rau ob peb mus rau txhiab tiam yam tsis tua tus kab mob tus tswv.
Phages muaj ntau yam kev siv hauv molecular biology. Lawv siv los kho cov kab mob pathogenic cov kab mob uas tiv taus cov tshuaj tua kab mob. Lawv kuj tuaj yeem siv los txheeb xyuas cov kab mob tshwj xeeb hauv kev kuaj kab mob.
Daim duab 02: Kab mob Bacteriophage
Qhov txawv ntawm Retrovirus thiab Bacteriophage yog dab tsi?
Retrovirus vs Bacteriophage |
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| Retrovirus yog ib pawg ntawm tus kab mob uas muaj ib leeg-stranded RNA genome. | Bacteriophage yog tus kab mob uas kis tau thiab rov ua dua hauv cov kab mob. |
| Presence of Reverse Transcriptase | |
| Retrovirus muaj cov enzyme hu ua thim rov qab transcriptase. | Bacteriophage tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv rov qab. |
| Kev tshwm sim ntawm Kev Hloov Rov Qab | |
| Kev hloov pauv rov qab tshwm sim thaum kis tus kab mob | Kev hloov pauv rov qab tsis tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm kis tus kabmob. |
| Tsim cov DNA Intermediate | |
| Retroviruses tsim cov qauv DNA nruab nrab ntawm cov genome. | Bacteriophage tsis tsim DNA intermediate. |
Summary - Retrovirus vs Bacteriophage
Retrovirus thiab bacteriophage yog ob hom kab mob. Retrovirus yog ib pawg ntawm cov kab mob uas muaj kev nkag siab zoo ib leeg-stranded RNA genome uas rov ua dua los ntawm qhov nruab nrab DNA. Bacteriophage yog tus kab mob uas tawm tsam cov kab mob thiab rov ua dua siv cov kab mob sib kis. Bacteriophages yog cov kab mob ntau tshaj plaws hauv biosphere, thiab lawv tuaj yeem muaj DNA lossis RNA genomes. Qhov no yog qhov txawv ntawm retrovirus thiab bacteriophage.
