Qhov Tseem Ceeb - ATP vs ADP
ATP thiab ADP yog lub zog molecules uas pom nyob rau hauv txhua yam kab mob nyob nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv yooj yim tshaj plaws mus rau qhov siab tshaj. Lawv tas li recycled nyob rau hauv lub hlwb rau lub zog cia thiab tso tawm. ATP thiab ADP yog tsim los ntawm peb yam khoom hu ua adenine puag, ribose qab zib thiab phosphate pawg. ATP yog lub zog loj molecule uas muaj peb pawg phosphate txuas nrog ribose qab zib. ADP yog ib qho zoo sib xws molecule uas muaj tib lub adenine thiab ribose qab zib nrog tsuas yog ob lub phosphate molecules. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm ATP thiab ADP yog cov phosphate pawg uas lawv muaj.
ATP yog dab tsi?
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) yog ib qho tseem ceeb nucleotide pom nyob rau hauv hlwb. Nws yog lub npe hu ua lub zog txiaj ntawm lub neej (nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov kab mob nrog rau cov kab mob rau tib neeg) thiab nws tus nqi tsuas yog thib ob rau DNA ntawm lub cell. Nws yog lub zog siab molecule uas muaj cov tshuaj formula ntawm C10H16N5O 13P3 ATP yog tsim los ntawm ADP thiab pab pawg phosphate. Muaj peb yam tseem ceeb nyob hauv ATP molecule uas yog ribose qab zib, adenine puag thiab ib pawg triphosphate raws li qhia hauv daim duab 01. Peb pawg phosphate hu ua alpha (α), beta (β), thiab gamma (γ) phosphates..
Qhov kev ua ntawm ATP feem ntau yog nyob ntawm pawg triphosphate vim lub zog ntawm ATP los ntawm ob lub zog phosphate bonds (phosphoanhydride bonds) tsim los ntawm pawg phosphate. Thawj pawg phosphate hydrolyzed raws li qhov xav tau ntawm lub zog yog Gamma phosphate pawg uas muaj lub zog siab thiab feem ntau nyob deb tshaj plaws ntawm cov suab thaj ribose.
Daim duab 1: ATP Structure
ATP molecules muab lub zog rau tag nrho cov tshuaj biochemical hauv lub cev los ntawm ATP hydrolysis (hloov mus rau ADP). ATP hydrolysis yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv los ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg lub zog uas tau khaws cia rau hauv high-zog phosphoanhydride bonds hauv ATP raug tso tawm rau cov kev xav tau ntawm tes. Nws yog ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv exergonic. Qhov kev hloov pauv no tso tawm 30.6 kj / mol lub zog xav tau rau ntau yam txheej txheem tseem ceeb hauv cov hlwb. Lub davhlau ya nyob twg phosphate pawg ntawm ATP tshem tawm thiab tsim ADP. ADP tam sim ntawd hloov mus rau ATP hauv mitochondria. ATP ntau lawm los ntawm ADP los yog AMP yog tsav los ntawm lub enzyme hu ua ATP synthase nyob rau hauv lub puab mitochondrial membrane. ATP ntau lawm tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem xws li substrate theem phosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation, thiab photophosphorylation.
ATP + H2O → ADP + Pi + 30.6 kj/mol
ATP muaj ntau yam siv. Nws ua raws li coenzyme hauv glycolysis. ATP kuj pom muaj nyob rau hauv nucleic acids thaum lub sij hawm cov txheej txheem ntawm DNA replication thiab transcription. ATP muaj peev xwm chelate hlau. ATP tseem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv ntau cov txheej txheem ntawm tes xws li photosynthesis, anaerobic ua pa, thiab kev thauj mus los thoob plaws cell membranes, thiab lwm yam.
Daim duab 2: ATP – ADT Cycle
ADP yog dab tsi?
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) yog ib qho nucleotide pom nyob rau hauv cov hlwb uas muaj feem cuam tshuam rau kev hloov ntawm lub zog thaum lub sij hawm catabolism ntawm qabzib los ntawm kev ua pa thiab photosynthesis. Cov tshuaj formula ntawm ADP yog C10H15N5O10 P2 Nws yog tsim los ntawm peb yam zoo ib yam li ATP: adenine puag, ribose qab zib thiab ob pawg phosphate. ADP molecule, khi nrog lwm pab pawg phosphate, tsim cov ATP uas yog feem ntau pom muaj zog molecule hauv cov hlwb. ADP tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig dua ATP vim nws tau rov ua dua tshiab rau hauv ATP hauv mitochondria.
ADP yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv photosynthesis thiab glycolysis. Nws yog qhov khoom kawg thaum ATP poob ib qho ntawm nws pawg phosphate. ADP kuj tseem ceeb heev thaum ua kom cov platelets.
Daim duab 3: ADP Structure
Qhov txawv ntawm ATP thiab ADP yog dab tsi?
ATP vs ADP |
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| ATP yog nucleotide uas muaj lub zog siab hauv ob lub phosphoanhydride hu ua lub zog txiaj ntawm lub neej. | ADP yog nucleotide uas koom nrog kev hloov lub zog hauv hlwb. Nws kho lub zog ntws hauv hlwb. |
| ATP muaj peb yam: adenine molecule, ribose qab zib molecule thiab peb pawg phosphate. | ADP muaj peb yam: adenine puag, ribose qab zib molecule thiab ob pawg phosphate. |
| tshuaj formula | |
| C10H16N5O13 P3 | C10H15N5O10 P2 |
| ATP yog ib qho tsis ruaj khov vim nws muaj lub zog siab. Nws hloov mus rau hauv ADP los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv exogenic. | ADP yog qhov sib piv ruaj khov molecule. Nws hloov mus rau ATP los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv endogenic |
Summary – ATP vs ADP
ATP yog ib qho ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb uas cov kab mob siv los khaws thiab tso tawm lub zog. Nws suav hais tias yog lub zog txiaj ntawm lub neej. ADP yog ib qho organic compound uas kho lub zog ntws hauv cov hlwb. Ob lub molecules no yuav luag zoo sib xws. Ob leeg yog tsim los ntawm adenine puag, ribose qab zib, thiab phosphate pawg. ATP muaj peb pawg phosphate thaum ADP tsuas muaj ob pawg phosphate xwb.
