Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov txawv - Genetic Engineering vs Recombinant DNA Technology
Cov khoom siv caj ces ntawm cov kab mob tuaj yeem hloov pauv siv cov txheej txheem kev tsim kho caj ces lossis cov thev naus laus zis DNA sib txuas. Recombinant DNA thev naus laus zis yog cov txheej txheem siv los tsim cov DNA sib xyaw ua ke uas nqa cov DNA ntawm kev txaus siab thiab vector DNA thaum genetic engineering yog ib lo lus dav dav siv los piav txog cov txheej txheem koom nrog hauv kev tswj hwm ntawm cov qauv caj ces ntawm lub cev. Qhov no yog qhov txawv ntawm Genetic Engineering thiab Recombinant DNA technology.
Dab tsi yog Genetic Engineering?
Genetic engineering yog ib lo lus dav siv los xa cov txheej txheem kev koom tes hauv kev tswj cov caj ces ntawm lub cev. Genetic engineering yog ua tiav nyob rau hauv vitro mob (sab nraum lub cev muaj sia nyob, nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig tswj).
Genes yog encoded rau cov proteins thiab lwm yam protein precursors uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob. Thaum cov kws tshawb fawb xav kawm txog cov noob caj noob ces, kev qhia, kev tswj cov noob, thiab lwm yam, lawv qhia cov noob tshwj xeeb rau cov kab mob uas muaj peev xwm rov ua dua cov noob ntxiv thiab ua ntau cov ntawv luam ntawm cov noob xav tau siv cov thev naus laus zis DNA recombinant. Nws cuam tshuam txog kev txiav cov DNA tshwj xeeb, qhia lawv mus rau hauv cov kab mob sib txawv thiab qhia lawv hauv cov kab mob hloov pauv. Genetic muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov kab mob hloov pauv thaum txawv teb chaws DNA tau qhia. Yog li nws yog hu ua Genetic engineering (genetic manipulation using advanced techniques). Thaum cov genetic pleev ntawm ib tug kab mob yog manipulated, cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev yog hloov. Cov yam ntxwv tuaj yeem txhim kho lossis hloov kho kom ua tau raws li qhov xav tau hloov pauv ntawm cov kab mob.
Muaj ob peb kauj ruam tseem ceeb koom nrog hauv kev tsim noob caj noob ces. Cov no yog, DNA cleavage thiab purification, zus tau tej cov DNA recombinant (recombinant vector), transformation ntawm recombinant DNA mus rau hauv ib lub cev muaj zog, multiplication ntawm tus tswv tsev (cloning) thiab tshuaj ntsuam rau transformed hlwb (yog phenotypes).
Genetic engineering muaj feem xyuam rau ntau yam kab mob xws li nroj tsuag, tsiaj txhu thiab kab mob. Raws li ib qho piv txwv, cov nroj tsuag transgenic tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm kev qhia cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb xws li tshuaj tua kab mob, drought kam rau ua, muaj txiaj ntsig zoo noj, loj hlob sai, kab tsis kam, submerge kam rau ua, thiab lwm yam, siv cov noob caj noob ces engineering. Lo lus transgenic yog hais txog cov kab mob hloov kho caj ces. Kev tsim cov qoob loo transgenic nrog cov yam ntxwv zoo dua yog tam sim no ua tau vim yog kev tsim kho caj ces. Transgenic tsiaj kuj tuaj yeem tsim rau tib neeg cov tshuaj ntau lawm raws li qhia hauv daim duab 01.
Figure_1: Genetically Engineered Tsiaj
Genetic engineering muaj kev siv dav hauv Biotechnology, hauv thaj chaw tshuaj, kev tshawb fawb, kev ua liaj ua teb thiab kev lag luam. Hauv cov tshuaj, genetic engineering yog koom nrog hauv kev kho noob thiab tsim cov tshuaj hormones ntawm tib neeg txoj kev loj hlob, insulin, tshuaj sib txawv, tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, tib neeg albumins, monoclonal antibodies, thiab lwm yam. Hauv kev ua liaj ua teb, genetic hloov cov qoob loo xws li taum pauv, pob kws, paj rwb thiab lwm yam qoob loo nrog. tej yam ntxwv tseem ceeb yog tsim los siv genetic engineering. Hauv kev lag luam, genetic engineering tau siv dav los ua cov kab mob sib kis uas muaj peev xwm tsim cov khoom lag luam muaj txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb, cov protein thiab cov enzymes. Environmental pollution control (bioremediation), rov qab cov hlau (biomining), tsim cov khoom siv hluavtaws polymers, thiab lwm yam.kuj tseem muaj peev xwm ua tau hauv kev lag luam uas siv cov tshuaj genetic engineered microorganisms. Hauv kev tshawb fawb, genetic engineering yog siv los tsim cov qauv tsiaj ntawm qee yam kab mob tib neeg. Cov nas hloov caj ces yog cov qauv tsiaj nrov tshaj plaws uas siv los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb los tshawb nrhiav thiab nrhiav kev kho mob qog noj ntshav, rog rog, kab mob plawv, ntshav qab zib, mob caj dab, kev quav yeeb tshuaj, kev ntxhov siab, kev laus, kab mob Parkinson, thiab lwm yam.
DNA Technology Recombinant yog dab tsi?
Recombinant DNA thev naus laus zis yog thev naus laus zis koom nrog hauv kev npaj cov DNA rov ua dua tshiab uas dais DNA ntawm ob hom sib txawv (vector thiab txawv teb chaws DNA) thiab cloning. Qhov no yog ua tiav los ntawm kev txwv enzymes thiab DNA ligase enzymes. Kev txwv endonucleases yog DNA txiav enzymes uas pab sib cais ntawm cov DNA txaus siab ntawm cov kab mob thiab qhib cov vectors, feem ntau plasmids. DNA ligase yog ib qho enzyme uas pab txhawb kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov DNA sib cais nrog qhib vector los tsim cov DNA recombinant. Kev tsim cov DNA recombinant (tus vector uas muaj DNA txawv teb chaws) feem ntau yog nyob ntawm vector siv. Xaiv vector yuav tsum muaj peev xwm ntawm tus kheej-replicating nrog ib ntu DNA covalently txuas rau nws, nyob rau hauv ib tug haum host cell. Nws tseem yuav tsum muaj cov chaw tsim nyog cloning thiab xaiv cov cim rau kev tshuaj ntsuam. Nyob rau hauv recombinant DNA technology, feem ntau siv vectors yog plasmids ntawm cov kab mob thiab bacteriophages (cov kab mob kis kab mob).
Figure_02: Synthesis of Recombinant DNA
Recombinant DNA yog tsim los nrog lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tsim cov proteins tshiab, kawm cov qauv ntawm cov noob thiab kev ua haujlwm, tswj cov khoom muaj protein, sau cov protein ntau, thiab lwm yam. Yog li ntawd, cov khoom sib txuas ntawm DNA yuav tsum tau rov ua dua thiab nthuav tawm sab hauv tus tswv tsev. Li no, cov thev naus laus zis DNA rov ua dua suav nrog tag nrho cov txheej txheem uas tshwm sim hauv kev tsim kho caj ces, pib los ntawm cov kauj ruam ntawm kev cais cov DNA tshwj xeeb mus rau kev tshuaj ntsuam ntawm cov hlwb hloov pauv uas muaj cov yam ntxwv qhia. Yog li ntawd, recombinant DNA technology thiab genetic engineering tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog ob txoj kev sib cuam tshuam nrog ib lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb nrog cov kauj ruam zoo sib xws: kev sib cais ntawm cov DNA nthuav dav, xaiv cov vector tsim nyog, kev taw qhia txog DNA ntxig (hloov txawv teb chaws DNA) rau hauv vector los tsim cov DNA molecule recombinant., kev taw qhia txog cov DNA molecule recombinant rau hauv ib lub tswv yim tsim nyog thiab xaiv cov hloov pauv cov tswv tsev.
Qhov txawv ntawm Genetic Engineering thiab Recombinant DNA Technology yog dab tsi?
Ntiaj teb Engineering vs Recombinant DNA thev naus laus zis |
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| Genetic engineering yog lub ntsiab lus dav uas hais txog cov txheej txheem uas siv los tswj cov kab mob caj ces ntawm cov kab mob. | Recombinant DNA thev naus laus zis yog cov txheej txheem siv los tsim cov DNA rov ua dua tshiab uas muaj DNA ntawm ob hom sib txawv. |
| YSynthesis of Recombinant DNA | |
| Recombinant DNA yog tsim | Recombinant DNA molecule yog tsim. |
Summary – Genetic Engineering vs Recombinant DNA Technology
Genetic engineering yog thaj tsam ntawm molecular biology uas cuam tshuam nrog kev tswj hwm ntawm cov khoom siv caj ces (DNA) ntawm lub cev rau cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb. Recombinant DNA thev naus laus zis yog cov txheej txheem siv los ua cov DNA rov ua dua. Nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si txheej txheem, manipulation ntawm genetic khoom ntawm ib tug kab mob yog tshwm sim. Txawm hais tias muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm genetic engineering thiab recombinant DNA thev naus laus zis, lawv muaj kev cuam tshuam, thiab genetic engineering yuav ua tsis tau yam tsis muaj kev siv cov thev naus laus zis DNA sib xyaw.
