Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov txawv - Kev nkag siab vs Presupposition
Thaum peb hnov ib lo lus, peb feem ntau sim to taub tsis yog cov lus txhais li cas xwb, tab sis tus hais lus ntawm cov lus no xav hais dab tsi. Entailment thiab presupposition yog ob lub ntsiab lus pragmatic uas pab peb hauv qhov no. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev nkag siab thiab kev xav yog qhov kev nkag siab yog kev sib raug zoo ntawm ob kab lus whereas presupposition yog ib qho kev xav los ntawm tus neeg hais lus ua ntej yuav hais lus.
Yuav ua li cas?
Entailment yog kev sib raug zoo ntawm ob kab lus / cov lus qhia, qhov tseeb ntawm ib qho lus hais qhia qhov tseeb ntawm lwm tus vim ob leeg koom nrog lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov lus. Nws yog cov kab lus, tsis yog hais lus uas muaj cov ntsiab lus. Cov ntsiab lus tseem nyob ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm kab lus, tsis yog lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntsiab lus.
Piv txwv li,
- Cov neeg phem tua vajntxwv.
- Vajntxwv tuag.
- Cov neeg phem tua neeg.
b) thiab c) muaj tseeb vim kab lus a) muaj tseeb. Yog li, lawv qhov tseeb nyob ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov lus.
Yuav ua li cas yog Presupposition?
Kev xav yog ib yam uas tus hais lus xav tias yog qhov ua ntej yuav hais lus. Nws yog cov hais lus, tsis yog cov kab lus uas muaj presuppositions.
Piv txwv li, yog tias ib tug neeg qhia rau koj, 'Jane tus viv ncaus tau sib yuav', muaj qhov pom tseeb tias Jane muaj ib tus muam.
Muaj ntau hom kev ua ntej.
Kev xav muaj nyob:
Tus hais lus presupposes lub hav zoov ntawm cov koom haum.
Ex:
Marie lub tsev tshiab.
- Marie muaj.
- Marie muaj tsev.
Factive Presupposition:
Qee cov lus qhia lossis kev tsim kho qhia tias qee yam yog qhov tseeb.
Ex:
Kuv khuv xim nws.
Kuv ntseeg nws
Zoo siab kawg.
Nws dhau lawm
Lexical Presupposition:
Tus neeg hais lus tuaj yeem qhia lwm lub ntsiab lus siv ib lo lus
Nws hu kuv dua.
Nws hu kuv ua ntej
Nws tso kev haus luam yeeb.
- Nws tau haus luam yeeb.
Txoj Kev Txiav Txim Siab:
Kev siv qee cov lus thiab kab lus ua rau qee qhov kev xav.
Thaum twg koj hu nws?
Koj hu nws
Vim li cas koj thiaj yuav khaub ncaws no?
Koj yuav khaub ncaws
Non- factive Presupposition:
Qee cov lus qhia tias qee yam tsis muaj tseeb.
Kuv ua txuj pom zoo nrog nws.
Kuv tsis pom zoo nrog nws
Nws npau suav tias nws nplua nuj.
Nws tsis nplua nuj
Kev lees paub qhov tseeb:
Nws txhais tau tias qhov uas xav tias tsis muaj tseeb, thiab qhov tsis sib xws yog qhov tseeb.
Yog nws tsis yog kuv tus phooj ywg, kuv yuav tsis pab nws.
Nws yog kuv tus phooj ywg
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm Kev Nkag Siab thiab Kev Ua Haujlwm?
Meaning:
Entailment: Entailment yog kev sib txheeb ntawm kab lus lossis cov lus qhia.
Presupposition: Presupposition yog ib qho kev xav tias tus neeg hais lus ua ntej yuav hais lus.
hais vs kab lus:
Entailment: Kab lus muaj entailments.
Presupposition: Hais lus muaj presuppositions.
Truth:
Entailment: Kev tsis lees paub ntawm thawj kab lus yuav cuam tshuam qhov tseeb ntawm kab lus thib ob.
Tus huab tais raug tua
Vajntxwv tuag
Neegation: Vajntxwv tsis raug tua.
Vajntxwv tuag. → tsis muaj tseeb
Presupposition: Qhov kev tsis pom zoo ntawm thawj cov lus yuav tsis cuam tshuam rau kab lus thib ob.
