Qhov txawv ntawm fermentation thiab glycolysis

2024 Tus sau: Alex Aldridge | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 13:40

Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov txawv - Fermentation vs Glycolysis

Ob leeg fermentation thiab glycolysis yog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev hloov cov molecules nyuaj xws li qab zib thiab carbohydrates rau hauv cov ntawv yooj yim. Fermentation siv cov poov xab los yog cov kab mob hauv cov txheej txheem hloov dua siab tshiab whereas glycolysis tsis. Qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm fermentation thiab glycolysis, thiab qhov sib txawv ntxiv yuav tau tham hauv kab lus no.

Fermentation yog dab tsi?

Fermentation yog cov txheej txheem metabolic uas hloov cov piam thaj (feem ntau qabzib, fructose, thiab sucrose) mus rau cov kua qaub, roj lossis cawv. Nws pib tshwm sim hauv cov poov xab, kab mob thiab cov leeg nqaij oxygen tshaib plab kom ferment lactic acid. Krebs cycle thiab electron thauj system tsis tshwm sim hauv fermentation. Txawm li cas los xij, txoj kev rho tawm lub zog ib leeg yog glycolysis ntxiv rau ib lossis ob qhov kev tawm tsam ntxiv. Nws yog qhov pib ntawm Regeneration ntawm NAD^{+los ntawm NADH ua thaum glycolysis.}

Nyob Fermentation

Lactic acid fermentation thiab cawv fermentation yog hom tseem ceeb ntawm fermentation.

Lactic Acid Fermentation

Lactic acid fermentation kuj yog cov txheej txheem zoo sib xws uas cov piam thaj hloov mus rau lub zog. Nws yog siv ntau dua hauv kev khaws khoom noj.

C₆H₁₂O₆ (glucose) → 2 CH _{3CHOHCOOH (lactic acid)}

Lactic acid fermentation tshwm sim thaum muaj cov kab mob xws li Lactobacillus acidophilus thiab fungi. NADH hloov nws cov hluav taws xob ncaj qha mus rau pyruvate hauv lactic acid fermentation. Lactic acid fermentation tuaj yeem pom hauv yogurt ntau lawm thiab hauv cov leeg nqaij.

Nws yog txheej txheem uas cov suab thaj - qabzib, fructose thiab sucrose hauv cov zaub mov hloov mus rau lub zog. Cov khob cij, qee cov tshuaj yej (Kimbucha) thiab dej haus (alcoholic - npias wine, whisky, vodka, thiab rum) yog tsim los siv cawv fermentation.

C₆H₁₂O₆ (glucose) → 2 C ₂H₅OH (ethanol) + 2 CO_{2 (carbon dioxide)}

Cov poov xab thiab qee cov kab mob tuaj yeem ua ethanol fermentation. Nyob rau hauv ethanol fermentation, NADH pub nws cov electrons rau ib tug derivative ntawm ib tug pyruvate, ua ethanol ua ib yam khoom kawg.

Kev siv fermentation

Npias, Caw, Yogurt, Cheese, Sauerkraut, Kimchi thiab Pepperoni yog ib co piv txwv ntawm cov khoom tsim los ntawm fermentation. Fermentation kuj tseem siv rau hauv kev kho dej phwj tuaj, muaj cawv ntau lawm, thiab tsim cov roj hydrogen.

txiaj ntsig ntawm fermentation

Cov kab mob uas tsim thaum lub sij hawm fermentation (probiotics) tej zaum yuav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau lub plab zom mov. Tsis tas li ntawd, khaws cia cov khoom noj los ntawm fermentation tuaj yeem ua rau lawv cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo txij li thaum fermentation nce qib vitamin.

Ethanol Fermentation

Glycolysis yog dab tsi?

Glycolysis txhais tau tias yog ib qho enzymatic tawg ntawm carbohydrates (raws li qabzib) los ntawm txoj kev ntawm phosphate derivatives nrog zus tau tej cov pyruvic los yog lactic acid thiab lub zog khaws cia nyob rau hauv high-zog phosphate bonds ntawm ATP.

Nws tseem hu ua "kev sib cais qab zib." Nws yog ib txoj hauv kev metabolic uas tshwm sim hauv cytosol ntawm cov hlwb hauv cov kab mob muaj sia. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua haujlwm hauv lub xub ntiag lossis tsis muaj oxygen. Yog li, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua aerobic thiab anaerobic glycolysis. Aerobic glycolysis yields ATP ntau dua li cov txheej txheem anaerobic. Nrog rau lub xub ntiag ntawm oxygen, nws tsim pyruvate thiab 2ATP molecules yog tsim raws li lub net zog daim ntawv.

Anaerobic glycolysis yog tib txoj kev siv hluav taws xob tsim hluav taws xob thaum lub sijhawm luv luv, kev tawm dag zog hnyav muab lub zog rau lub sijhawm 10 vib nas this mus rau 12 feeb.

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tag nrho tuaj yeem qhia tau raws li hauv qab no.

Glucose + 2 NAD⁺ + 2 P_i + 2 ADP → 2 pyruvate + 2 NADH + 2 ATP + 2 H ⁺ + 2 H_{2O + kub}

Pyruvate yog oxidized rau acetyl-CoA thiab CO2 los ntawm pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC). Nws nyob hauv mitochondria ntawm eukaryotic thiab cytosol ntawm prokaryotes.

Cov glycolysis tshwm sim, nrog kev hloov pauv, ze li ntawm txhua yam kab mob, ob qho tib si aerobic thiab anaerobic.

Txoj hauv kev metabolic ntawm glycolysis hloov cov piam thaj mus rau pyruvate los ntawm cov kab nruab nrab ntawm cov metabolites.

Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm Fermentation thiab Glycolysis?

Kev txhais ntawm Fermentation thiab Glycolysis:

Fermentation: Fermentation yog txheej txheem metabolic uas hloov qab zib rau hauv cov kua qaub, roj lossis cawv.

Glycolysis: Glycolysis yog ib qho enzyme zom zom ntawm carbohydrates.

Yam ntxwv ntawm Fermentation thiab Glycolysis:

Oxygen Siv:

Fermentation: Fermentation tsis siv oxygen.

Glycolysis: Glycolysis siv oxygen.

txheej txheem:

Fermentation: Fermentation yog suav tias yog anaerobic.

Glycolysis: Glycolysis tuaj yeem ua anaerobic lossis aerobic.

ATP Yield:

Fermentation: Zero zog tau txais thaum lub sijhawm fermentation.

Glycolysis: 2 ATP molecules raug tsim.

Phases:

Fermentation: Fermentation muaj 2 theem pib: lactic acid fermentation thiab ethanol fermentation.

Glycolysis: Glycolysis tau faib ua Aerobic thiab anaerobic glycolysis

Microorganism kev koom tes:

Fermentation: Cov kab mob thiab cov poov xab koom nrog hauv fermentation.

Glycolysis: Cov kab mob thiab cov poov xab koom nrog Glycolysis.

Tsim cov Ethanol lossis Lactic acid

Fermentation: Fermentation tsim ethanol lossis lactic acid.

Glycolysis: Glycolysis tsis tsim ethanol lossis lactic acid.

YSiv Pyruvic Acid

Fermentation: Fermentation pib nrog kev siv Pyruvic acid.

Glycolysis: Glycolysis tsim Pyruvic acid.

Txoj hmoo ntawm Pyruvic Acid

Fermentation: Pyruvic acid hloov mus rau hauv cov khoom pov tseg

Glycolysis: Glycolysis tsim Pyruvic acid siv los tsim lub zog. Ex- aerobic ua pa.