Qhov txawv ntawm Methane thiab Propane

2024 Tus sau: Alex Aldridge | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 13:40

Methane vs Propane

Methane thiab Propane yog thawj thiab thib peb ntawm cov neeg alkane. Lawv cov qauv molecular yog CH₄ thiab C₃H_{8 feem. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm Methane thiab Propane yog lawv cov qauv tshuaj; Methane tsuas muaj ib qho carbon atom thiab plaub hydrogen atoms thaum Propane muaj peb carbon atoms nrog yim hydrogen atoms. Lawv cov tshuaj lom neeg thiab lub cev sib txawv vim qhov sib txawv no.}

Methane yog dab tsi?

Methane, tseem hu ua carbane, nkev roj, marsh gas, carbon tetrahydride, lossis hydrogen carbide, yog tus tswv cuab tsawg tshaj plaws ntawm tsev neeg alkane. Nws cov qauv tshuaj yog CH_{4(plaub hydrogen atoms raug khi rau ib qho atom carbon). Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm natural gas. Methane yog cov roj uas tsis muaj xim, tsis muaj ntxhiab thiab saj tsis qab. Nws tuaj yeem ua tau yooj yim ignited vim nws cov vapor yog sib dua li huab cua.}

Methane tuaj yeem pom nyob hauv av thiab hauv qab hiav txwv. Lub atmospheric methane suav hais tias yog lub tsev cog khoom roj. Methane tawg rau hauv CH_{3– nrog dej hauv huab cua.}

YPropane yog dab tsi?

Propane yog tus tswv cuab thib peb ntawm Alkane tsev neeg. Nws cov mis molecular yog C₃H_6, thiab cov molecular loj sib npaug rau 44.10 g·mol^{−1 Nws tshwm sim raws li cov pa roj ntawm tus qauv kub thiab siab, tab sis nws tuaj yeem ua rau hauv cov kua thauj mus los. Propane tsis muaj nyob hauv ib txwm muaj, tab sis nws tau txais los ntawm cov txheej txheem roj av refining thiab ua cov khoom siv los ntawm kev ua cov nkev.}

Propane yog cov xim tsis muaj xim, tsis muaj ntxhiab, tsis muaj tshuaj lom thiab ua rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov tshuaj tsw qab ua lag luam ntxiv rau kev txheeb xyuas cov xau.

Qhov txawv ntawm Methane thiab Propane yog dab tsi?

yam ntxwv ntawm methane thiab propane

Molecular Structure:

Methane: Cov mis molecular ntawm methane yog CH _{4,thiab nws yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm tetrahedral molecule nrog plaub sib npaug C-H bonds (sigma bonds). Nws cov qauv tau muab hauv qab no.}

Propane: Cov mis mos molecular ntawm ethane yog C₃H_{8,thiab nws cov qauv tau muab hauv qab no.}

tshuaj muaj txiaj ntsig:

Combustion:

Methane: Methane kub hnyiab nrog cov nplaim daj-xiav uas tsis yog lub teeb ci uas ua rau cov pa roj carbon dioxide thiab dej nyob hauv huab cua lossis oxygen. Nws yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv exothermic heev; yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho roj zoo heev.

CH₄(g) + 2O₂ → CO₂ + 2H 2_{O + 890 kJ/mol}

Nws ib nrab hlawv rau hauv cov pa roj carbon monoxide (CO) thaum muaj huab cua tsis txaus lossis oxygen.

2CH₄(g) + 3O₂ → 2CO + 2H_{2O + zog}

Propane: Propane kuj hlawv zoo ib yam li lwm cov alkanes. Nws hlawv tag nrho nyob rau hauv muaj cov pa ntau dhau ua dej thiab carbon dioxide.

C₃H₈ + 5O₂ → 3CO₂+ 4H_{2O + 2220 kJ/mol}

Thaum tsis muaj oxygen txaus rau cov txheej txheem combustion, nws ua tsis tiav rau carbon monoxide thiab / lossis cov pa roj carbon monoxide.

2 C₃H₈ + 9O₂ → 4CO₂ + 2CO + 8H_{2O + heat}

OR

C₃H₈ + 9O₂ → 3C _{+ 4H}2_{O + kub}

Propane combustion yog huv si ntau dua li cov roj combustion, tab sis tsis huv li cov roj ntuj.

Reactions:

Methane: Methane qhia kev hloov pauv nrog halogens. Nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim no, ib los yog ntau tshaj hydrogen atoms yog hloov los ntawm ib tug sib npaug zos tus naj npawb ntawm halogen atoms thiab nws yog hu ua "halogenation." Nws reacts nrog chlorine (Cl) thiab bromine (Br) nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm tshav ntuj.

Thaum sib tov ntawm methane thiab chav dhau los ntawm cov cua sov (1000 K) npib tsib xee txhawb rau ntawm alumina nto, nws tuaj yeem tsim hydrogen.

Propane: Propane tseem qhia tau hais tias halogenation tshwm sim hauv cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb uas tsim cov khoom sib txawv hauv ntau qhov sib npaug.

CH₃-CH₂-CH₃ + Cl ₂ → CH₃-CH₂-CH₂Cl (45%) + CH₃-CHCl-CH_{3 (55%)}

CH₃-CH₂-CH₃ + Br ₂ → CH₃-CH₂-CH₂Br (3%) + CH₃-CHBr-CH_{3 (97%)}

Kev Siv Methane thiab Propane

Methane: Methane yog siv rau hauv ntau cov txheej txheem tshuaj lom neeg (raws li roj, nkev roj, liquefied natural gas) thiab nws raug thauj los ua kua hauv tub yees.

Propane: Propane feem ntau yog siv los ua roj hauv cov cav, qhov cub, qhov cub nqa tau, oxy-gas torches, dej rhaub dej, ntxhua khaub ncaws ziab khaub ncaws thiab cua sov hauv tsev. Nws yog ib qho ntawm cov roj av liquefied xws li butane, propylene, thiab butylene.

Definition:

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob: Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv exothermic yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas tso tawm lub zog los ntawm lub teeb lossis cua sov.

Kev hloov pauv: Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hloov pauv yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshuaj uas cuam tshuam nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm ib pawg ua haujlwm hauv cov tshuaj lom neeg thiab hloov nrog lwm pab pawg ua haujlwm.