Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov txawv - Reactant vs Reagent
Ob nqe lus reactant thiab reagent yog siv nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si organic thiab inorganic tshuaj tiv thaiv. Txawm hais tias ob lo lus muaj lub ntsiab lus zoo sib xws, lawv lub luag haujlwm hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb txawv ntawm ib qho. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj reactant thiab reagent yog cov reactants yog cov khoom sib xyaw uas tau noj thiab koom ncaj qha rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thaum cov tshuaj reagents yog siv los ntsuas qhov twg ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshuaj los yog soj ntsuam cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Tus Reactant yog dab tsi?
Ib reactant yog ib yam khoom uas ncaj qha rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Nws pib cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshuaj thiab noj tom qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Tshwj xeeb, muaj ob lossis ntau dua reactants hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshuaj. Txawm hais tias cov kuab tshuaj tau koom nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshuaj, lawv tsis suav tias yog cov tshuaj reactants. Ib yam li ntawd, cov catalysts tsis tau noj tom qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshuaj; yog li ntawd, lawv tsis raug suav hais tias yog cov tshuaj reactants.
Reagent yog dab tsi?
A reagent nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshuaj pab txhawb cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kom tshwm sim, los yog nws yog siv los ntes, ntsuas los yog tshuaj xyuas qhov twg ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yam tsis tau noj thaum kawg ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Nws tuaj yeem yog ib qho sib xyaw lossis sib xyaw ntawm cov tshuaj sib xyaw. Lub luag hauj lwm thiab hom reagent yog heev tshwj xeeb rau ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv. Cov tshuaj sib txawv yog siv rau cov tshuaj sib txawv.
Piv txwv ntawm kev siv cov tshuaj reagents thiab lawv cov haujlwm:
Collin's Reagent: Txhawm rau xaiv oxidize thawj cawv rau aldehyde.
Fenton's Reagent: Los rhuav tshem cov organic tebchaw uas muaj kab mob.
Grignard Reagent: Txhawm rau tsim cov saw ntev cov organic sib txuas siv alkyl / aryl halides.
Nessler's Reagent: txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov muaj ammonia.
Benedict's Reagent: txhawm rau kuaj pom muaj cov piam thaj txo qis. Lwm cov tshuaj txo qis kuj muab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo.
Fehling's Reagent: Kom sib txawv ntawm cov dej-soluble carbohydrate thiab ketone functional pawg.
Millon's Reagent: txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov muaj cov proteins uas muaj kuab lom.
Tollen's Reagent: txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov muaj aldehyde lossis alpha-hydroxyl ketone ua haujlwm pab pawg.
Cov tshuaj reagents tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob pawg; Organic chemical reagents thiab inorganic chemical reagents.
| YOrganic Reagents | Inorganic Reagents |
| Collins reagent | Nessler's reagent |
| Fenton's reagent | Benedict's reagent |
| Grignard reagent | Fehling's reagent |
| Millon's reagent | |
| Tollen's reagent |
Collin's Reagent
Qhov txawv ntawm Reactant thiab Reagent yog dab tsi?
Definition:
Reactants yog cov tshuaj uas pib ua tshuaj lom neeg thiab siv rau hauv cov txheej txheem.
Reagents yog cov tshuaj uas pab txhawb kev tshuaj lom neeg thiab muaj cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb.
Kev siv tshuaj lom neeg:
Reactants tau noj hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshuaj; lawv dhau los ua cov khoom tom qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Reagents tsis tas yuav tsum tau noj hauv tshuaj lom neeg. Lawv raug siv los kuaj xyuas, tshuaj xyuas lossis saib xyuas qhov twg ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshuaj lossis txheeb xyuas qee pawg ua haujlwm.
Number of Compound:
Ib reactant yog ib qho compound.
A reagent tuaj yeem yog ib qho tshuaj sib xyaw lossis sib xyaw ntawm ntau cov tshuaj sib xyaw.
| Reagent | Composition |
| Tollen's reagent | A tov ntawm silver nitrate (AgNO3) thiab ammonia (NH3) |
| Fehling's solution |
Sib npaug ntawm Fehling's A thiab Fehling's B kev daws teeb meem. Fehling's A yog xim xiav xim aqueous tov ntawm tooj liab (II) sulfate (CuSO 4) Fehling's B yog cov tshuaj ntshiab thiab tsis muaj xim ntawm aqueous potassium sodium tartrate thiab alkali muaj zog (feem ntau sodium hydroxide) |
| Collins reagent |
Ib qho nyuaj ntawm chromium (VI) oxide (CrO3) nrog pyridine hauv dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) |
| Grignard reagent | Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm alkyl lossis aryl halide nrog magnesium hlau (R-Mg-X) |
Nyob rau hauv tshuaj tiv thaiv:
Reactants koom nrog txhua yam tshuaj lom neeg; Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem tshwm sim txawm tias tsis muaj tshuaj reagent. Hauv lwm lo lus, tsis yog txhua qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau muaj tshuaj reagent.
