Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov txawv - Pragmatism vs Progressivism
Pragmatism thiab kev vam meej yog ob lub tsev kawm ntawm kev xav lossis lwm yam kev coj noj coj ua ntawm kev xav ntawm qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas. Pragmatism yog ib qho kev xav uas tau tshwm sim nyob rau xyoo 1870 uas qhia txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua tau zoo thiab kev paub dhau los ntawm cov ntsiab lus thiab cov lus qhuab qhia. Progressivism yog ib qho kev coj noj coj ua uas qhia txog tias tib neeg txoj kev loj hlob los yog kev txhim kho ntawm tib neeg cov xwm txheej tau vam khom ntau ntawm kev tshawb fawb, thev naus laus zis, kev sib raug zoo thiab kev lag luam. Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm pragmatism thiab kev vam meej yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm ob txoj kev coj noj coj ua txawv ntawm ib leeg. Thaum pragmatism tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua tau zoo thiab kev paub dhau los, kev vam meej kev vam meej qhia txog tib neeg txoj kev vam meej. Los ntawm tsab xov xwm no cia peb tshuaj xyuas qhov sib txawv ntawm ob txoj kev coj noj coj ua no thaum nkag siab txog txhua ceg neeg philosophical.
Pragmatism yog dab tsi?
Pragmatism raws li lub npe qhia nws tus kheej yog lub tswv yim kev xav uas tau tshwm sim hauv xyoo 1870 uas qhia txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua tau zoo thiab kev paub dhau los ntawm cov ntsiab lus thiab cov lus qhuab qhia. Pragmatists ntseeg hais tias philosophical xav yuav tsum tsom mus rau kev siv cuab yeej. Qee qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov kev txav no yog cov tswv cuab ntawm Metaphysical Club. Lawv yog Charles Sanders Peirce, John Dewey, Chauncey Wright, George Herbert Mead thiab William James. Lub hwj chim ntawm pragmatists yuav tsum tau pom nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev qhuab qhia xws li science, metaphysics, ethics, kev kawm, lus, kev ntseeg, logic, thiab lwm yam.
Qhov cuam tshuam uas pragmatism muaj rau tib neeg tuaj yeem nkag siab zoo heev thaum tshuaj xyuas cov tswv yim ntawm Jon Dewey. Dewey tau mob siab rau kev kawm ntawm cov menyuam yaus hauv Tebchaws Meskas. Nws pom tias txoj kev kawm ua haujlwm li cas uas tus kws qhia ntawv yuav muab kev paub rau tus menyuam kawm ntawv thiab tus menyuam kawm ntawv tsuas yog nqus cov ntaub ntawv xwb. Raws li Dewey txoj kev xav, kev kawm yuav tsum mus dhau qhov kev sim siab thiab txuas nrog tib neeg kev paub. Nws tau hais txog qhov kev kawm yuav tsum tsis yog tsuas yog nyob hauv kev kawm xwb tab sis yuav tsum nthuav dav rau kev siv cov txheej txheem kev kawm uas tus menyuam tuaj yeem ua rau nws ua tiav.
Charles Sanders Peirce
Progressivism yog dab tsi?
Progressivism yog lwm txoj kev xav uas tau tshwm sim hauv 1890s. Qhov kev txav no taw qhia tias tib neeg txoj kev loj hlob lossis kev txhim kho ntawm tib neeg cov xwm txheej tau vam khom rau kev tshawb fawb, thev naus laus zis, kev sib raug zoo thiab kev lag luam. Nrog rau lub sijhawm Enlightenment hauv Tebchaws Europe, kev vam meej tau dhau los ua neeg nyiam heev vim nws tau hais tias tib neeg lub neej tuaj yeem ua tiav lub xeev ntawm kev ua tau zoo. Tus yuam sij rau qhov no yog nyob rau hauv kev paub zoo.
Kev xav zoo nteg ntawm qhov chaw ntawm kev paub thaum lub sijhawm no. Tag nrho cov kev tshawb fawb tau dominated los ntawm positiveism. Yog li ntawd, tag nrho lwm yam kev paub uas tawm tsam qhov no tau raug tsis lees paub. Lub hauv paus kev tshawb fawb ntawm positivism thiab positivist sciences tau txais qib siab tshaj plaws.
Hauv Asmeskas, lub sijhawm txij li xyoo 1890 txog 1920 tau suav tias yog lub sijhawm vam meej. Cov kev vam meej nyob rau lub sijhawm no tau ntseeg tias cov kev pabcuam kev noj qab haus huv tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev muab kev kawm, chaw, kev lag luam nyiaj txiag rau cov neeg. Txawm hais tias qhov kev txav no pib pib ua kev sib raug zoo, thaum lub sijhawm tom qab, qhov no hloov mus rau hauv kev nom kev tswv.
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm Pragmatism thiab Progressivism?
Definition of Pragmatism and Progressivism:
Pragmatism: Pragmatism yog kev xav txog kev xav uas tau tshwm sim hauv 1870s uas qhia txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua tau zoo thiab kev paub dhau los ntawm cov ntsiab lus thiab cov lus qhuab qhia.
Progressivism: Progressivism yog ib qho kev coj noj coj ua uas qhia tias tib neeg txoj kev loj hlob lossis kev txhim kho tib neeg cov xwm txheej tau vam khom rau kev tshawb fawb, thev naus laus zis, kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam.
Yam ntxwv ntawm Pragmatism thiab Progressivism:
Kev tshwm sim:
Pragmatism: Qhov no tshwm sim hauv 1870s.
Progressivism: Qhov no tshwm sim hauv 1890s.
Focus:
Pragmatism: Kev tsom mus rau kev ua tau zoo thiab tib neeg kev paub.
Progressivism: Lub hom phiaj yog rau tib neeg kev vam meej uas ua rau kev sib raug zoo, kev lag luam, kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis.
