Stereotyping vs Labeling
Stereotyping thiab Labeling yog ob lub ntsiab lus sib txawv nrog qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv txawm hais tias, peb feem coob tsis lees paub cov no hloov pauv tau. Hauv zej zog, peb tuaj yeem soj ntsuam ntau qhov xwm txheej uas qhov kev xav tsis zoo thiab kev sau npe ntawm tib neeg tshwm sim. Cov no tuaj yeem koom nrog ntau yam kev ua phem rau lwm tus. Ua ntej cia peb txhais ob lo lus. Stereotyping tuaj yeem txhais tau tias yog ib hom kev nthuav dav ntawm ib pawg neeg lossis lwm qhov kev pom yooj yim. Labeling, ntawm qhov tod tes, yuav tsum nkag siab tias yog categorization. Labeling yuav tsum tau saib raws li tsuas yog categorization uas cuam tshuam peb stereotyping ntawm lwm tus. Qhov no qhia tau tias muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm stereotyping thiab labeling. Kab lus no sim qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kev sib tw thiab kev sau npe.
Stereotyping yog dab tsi?
Ib tug stereotype yog ib tug generalization ntawm ib pawg neeg. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua raws li qhov kev xav ua ntej ntawm ib pab pawg uas tus neeg tsim kev pom yooj yim rau cov pab pawg ntawd. Piv txwv li, cov tub hluas yog cov tsis zoo, cov ntxhais tsis muaj zog yog ib co piv txwv ntawm stereotyping. Qhov no taw qhia tias nws muab cov kev xav dav dav ntawm ib pab pawg, uas tuaj yeem ua tsis tseeb rau feem coob lossis tsawg. Yuav muaj qhov zoo stereotyping nrog rau qhov tsis zoo stereotyping.
Gordon Allport, tus kws paub txog kev puas siab puas ntsws muaj npe nrov, tau hais tias 'kev xav tsis zoo tshwm sim los ntawm tib neeg kev xav.' Cov tib neeg feem ntau tsim cov pawg hlwb los txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv. Cov no yog hu ua 'schemas.' Schemas lossis lwm yam kev puas siab puas ntsws tso cai rau peb kom paub txog lub ntiaj teb. Thaum ib tug schema tau tsim nws tso cai rau peb txheeb xyuas lwm tus neeg raws li cov yam ntxwv uas peb tau ua raws. Piv txwv li, xav txog tus kws kho mob, lossis tus kws qhia ntawv. Koj yuav pom tias muaj qee qhov kev cia siab txog qhov tsos thiab tus cwj pwm ntawm tus neeg ntawd. Cov no yog schemas.
Stereotyping tshwm sim raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm tib neeg. Nws tuaj yeem yog poj niam txiv neej, kev ntseeg, haiv neeg, thiab lwm yam. Feem ntau cov kev ntseeg ntawm cov neeg sib txawv ntawm kev ntseeg, haiv neeg, thiab txawm tias haiv neeg tuaj yeem ua txhaum thiab ua rau muaj kev ntxub ntxaug.
'Cov ntxhais tsis muaj zog' yog qhov piv txwv rau stereotyping
Dab tsi yog Labeling?
Labeling tuaj yeem nkag siab tau tias yog kev xa daim ntawv lo rau ib tus neeg lossis lwm tus muab ib tus neeg hauv ib pawg. Feem ntau, daim ntawv lo tuaj yeem ua rau tsis zoo thiab ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau tus kheej. Hauv kev sociology, kev sau npe tau raug kawm raws li lub tswv yim theoretical hauv Symbolic Interactionism. Nws yog Howard Becker uas tau qhia txog qhov kev xav ntawm kev sau npe nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo rau deviance. Nws ntseeg hais tias, niaj hnub kev sib cuam tshuam nrog lwm tus, tib neeg tsim cov ntawv rau lwm tus. Piv txwv li, ib tug neeg tuaj yeem sau npe tias yog 'tus neeg ua txhaum cai'. Tus neeg tsis tuaj yeem rov qab mus rau nws txoj kev ua neej li qub vim yog daim ntawv lo. Qhov no qhia tau tias kev sau ntawv tuaj yeem ua rau tsis zoo rau tus neeg uas tau sau npe.
Tam sim no, cia peb nkag siab txog kev sib txuas thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm kev sau npe thiab kev ua tsis tiav. Xav txog, koj pom ib tug ntxhais zoo nkauj heev hauv tsev kawm ntawv. Koj sau tus neeg no zoo nkauj. Tib lub sijhawm, nws hla koj lub siab tias nws yuav tsum khav theeb thiab khav theeb. Nov yog peb txoj kev ntseeg stereotypic lossis lwm qhov kev nthuav dav uas peb muaj.
Kev sau npe ib tus neeg ua txhaum cai cuam tshuam rau nws lub neej tsis zoo
Qhov txawv ntawm Stereotyping thiab Labeling yog dab tsi?
Definition of Stereotyping and Labeling:
• Stereotyping tuaj yeem txhais tau tias yog ib hom kev nthuav dav ntawm ib pawg neeg lossis lwm qhov kev pom yooj yim.
• Kev sau npe tuaj yeem txhais tau tias yog kev cais.
Examples:
• Stereotyping yog ib qho yooj yim saib rau ib pawg neeg xws li Asians yog hlwb; cov ntxhais tsis muaj zog, thiab lwm yam.
• Kev sau npe tsuas yog kev cais ntawm tib neeg xws li dub, dawb, gay, ncaj, nerd, neeg ua phem, neeg laib, thiab lwm yam.
Kev sib txuas:
• Feem ntau daim ntawv lo yog ua raws li kev ntseeg stereotypic uas tso cai rau peb tso ib tus neeg rau hauv qeb.
