x86 vs x64
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm x86 thiab x64 yog qhov qub yog 32-ntsis architecture thiab tom kawg yog 64-ntsis kev qhia teeb tsa. Ib qho kev qhia teeb tsa architecture (ISA) yog ib lo lus tseem ceeb heev uas siv rau txhua lub CPU. Cov lus qhia, cim xeeb chaw nyob, sau npe, thiab ntau lwm qhov chaw vaj tsev ntawm CPU tau teev tseg los ntawm ISA. x86 yog lub ntiaj teb nto moo ISA qhia los ntawm Intel hauv 1978 nrog 8086 processor. Tom qab ntawd ntau yam kev txuas ntxiv tau tshwm sim thiab, xyoo 2000, AMD tsim qhov tshwj xeeb los txuas ntxiv cov lus qhia x86 rau 64 ntsis raws li lub npe AMD64. Tom qab lwm lub tuam txhab xws li Intel kuj tau siv qhov kev qhia tshwj xeeb thiab qhov AMD64 no yog ib qho uas tau txheeb xyuas los ntawm lub npe x64.
x86 yog dab tsi?
x86 yog ib qho kev qhia txheej txheem qhia los ntawm Intel nrog lub npe nrov 8086 processor. Xyoo 1978, Intel tau qhia txog 8086 processor uas yog 16 ntsis processor. Tom qab ntawd lawv tau qhia ntau yam processors xws li 80186, 80286, 80386 thiab 80486, thiab tag nrho cov tau rov qab sib xws nrog cov thawj cov lus qhia siv hauv 8086 processor. Txij li tag nrho cov txheej txheem no xaus nrog tus lej 86, cov lus qhia teeb tsa tau txheeb xyuas los ntawm lub npe x86. Nrog rau kev taw qhia ntawm 80386, x86 kev qhia tau txuas ntxiv mus rau 32-ntsis system. Ntawm no, 32 ntsis txhais tau tias tag nrho cov ntawv sau npe, lub npav nco, thiab cov ntaub ntawv tsheb npav yog 32 ntsis. Tom qab ntawd Pentium processors tuaj li Pentium I, Pentium II, Pentium III, Pentium IV thiab tag nrho cov no tau ua raws li 32 ntsis architecture ib yam nkaus. Tab sis ntau yam ntxiv tau tshwm sim rau x86 architecture, xws li ntxiv cov lus qhia zoo li MMX, SSE thiab SSE2. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntau qhov kev txhim kho tau ua tiav. Tom qab ntawd, cov txheej txheem qhia x86 tau txuas ntxiv mus rau 64-ntsis kev qhia teeb tsa thiab txij li qhov no mus rau nws tau hu ua x64, uas peb yuav tham hauv ntu tom ntej. Xijpeem, feem ntau, x86 yog hais txog 32-ntsis architecture uas hloov zuj zus los ntawm 16-ntsis architecture uas tuaj nrog 8086 processor.
8086 processor
x64 yog dab tsi?
A 32-ntsis system tuaj yeem sawv cev tsuas yog 2 32qhov tseem ceeb sib txawv thiab, yog li ntawd, qhov chaw nyob nco tau txwv rau cov chaw nyob ntawd. 2 32 bytes yog sib npaug rau 4 GB thiab, yog li ntawd, x86 muaj qhov chaw nyob siab tshaj plaws ntawm 4 GB. Txhawm rau kov yeej qhov no, txuas ntxiv txuas ntxiv tau ua tiav rau x86 architecture. AMD, nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm xyoo 2000, tau qhia cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb uas txuas ntxiv x86 architecture rau 64 khoom. Qhov no tau qhia hauv lub npe AMD64. x64 yog lwm lub npe muab rau AMD64 architecture. Qhov no AMD64 lossis x64 architecture tseem paub nyob rau hauv lub npe x86_64. Nrog rau 64-ntsis architecture, tag nrho cov ntawv sau npe tau dhau los ua 64-ntsis thiab lub npav nco thiab cov ntaub ntawv tsheb npav kuj dhau los ua 64 ntsis. Tam sim no 2 64qhov tseem ceeb sib txawv tuaj yeem hais txog thiab qhov no ua rau muaj kev txwv loj heev ntawm qhov ua tau siab tshaj plaws. AMD K8 yog thawj tus processor uas siv qhov 64-ntsis architecture. Tom qab ntawd Intel kuj tau txais cov qauv no. Nrog Intel Core processors uas pib los ntawm Intel Core 2, Intel pib siv cov qauv no hauv lawv cov txheej txheem. Tam sim no, tag nrho Intel processors xws li Core i3, Core i5 thiab Core i7 siv qhov x64 architecture. Qee qhov tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau hais txog yog tias qhov x64 architecture tseem rov qab ua tau zoo nrog cov txheej txheem x86 qub.
64 ntsis processor
Qhov txawv ntawm x86 thiab x64 yog dab tsi?
• x86 tau tshaj tawm nyob rau xyoo 1978 thaum x64 tuaj tshiab xyoo 2000.
• x86 tshwm sim los ntawm lub npe nrov Intel 8086 processor thiab, yog li ntawd, x86 tau qhia los ntawm Intel. Tab sis x64, uas tuaj raws li qhov txuas ntxiv rau x86, tau qhia los ntawm AMD.
• x86 architecture yog 32 ntsis. (Thawj x86 processors yog 16 ntsis tab sis, tom qab cov txheej txheem, qhov txuas ntxiv mus rau 32 ntsis tau ua tiav). x64 architecture yog 64 ntsis.
• Cov txheej txheem nrog x86 cov lus qhia teeb tsa, yog li ntawd, muaj 32 ntsis sau npe, 32 ntsis nco tsheb npav, thiab 32 ntsis cov ntaub ntawv tsheb npav. Tab sis x64 muaj 64 ntsis sau npe, 64 ntsis nco tsheb npav, thiab 64 ntsis cov ntaub ntawv tsheb npav.
• x86 muaj qhov txwv ntawm qhov siab tshaj qhov chaw nco uas yog qhov txwv siab tshaj ntawm 4 GB (2 32bytes). Tab sis, ntawm x64 systems, qhov kev txwv no loj heev, uas yog 2 64 bytes.
• x64 yog qhov nthuav dav ntawm x86; yog li ntawd, nws tau txhim kho thiab muaj zog dua li qub x86.
• Cov nqi uas tuaj yeem khaws cia rau hauv daim ntawv sau npe, hauv x64 system, loj dua li qhov tseem ceeb uas tuaj yeem khaws cia hauv x86 raws li kev sau npe. Yog li no, x64 tuaj yeem tswj hwm kev suav ntawm cov lej loj dua sai dua, vim tsis muaj qhov yuav tsum tau siv ntau cov ntawv sau npe hauv cov ntaub ntawv no los faib tus nqi thiab khaws cia li hauv x86.
• x64 tuaj yeem xa cov ntaub ntawv loj dua raws li cov ntaub ntawv npav. Ntawd yog, cov ntaub ntawv tsheb npav ntawm 64 me ntsis tuaj yeem xa mus rau 64 khoom thaum lub x86 architecture uas muaj 32 ntsis tsheb npav tuaj yeem tsuas yog xa mus rau 32 khoom xwb.
Summary:
x86 vs x64
x86 kev qhia teeb tsa yog 32 ntsis thaum x64 kev qhia teeb tsa yog 64 khoom. x64 tuaj ua qhov txuas ntxiv ntawm x86 architecture uas twb muaj lawm. Cov ntawv sau npe, tsheb npav nco, cov ntaub ntawv tsheb npav ntawm x86 architectures yog 32 khoom thaum qhov no yog 64 khoom ntawm x64. Yog li, qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub cim xeeb tuaj yeem muaj ntau dua hauv x64 systems dua li hauv x86 systems.x86 tau qhia los ntawm Intel nrog 8086 processor uas yog 16 ntsis processor thiab nrog lub sijhawm no x86 tau txuas ntxiv mus rau 32 ntsis. Tom qab ntawd, AMD tau qhia txog x64 architecture los ntawm kev nthuav dav x86 architecture uas twb muaj lawm thiab qhov x64 no tau rov qab ua tiav nrog x86 cov lus qhia teeb.
