Hypoxia vs Hypoxemia
Txawm hais tias muaj ntau tus kws kho mob, nrog rau cov kws tshawb fawb, siv hypoxia thiab hypoxemia sib hloov, lawv tsis txhais tau tib yam. Hypoxemia yog ib qho mob uas cov pa oxygen hauv cov ntshav hauv cov hlab ntsha qis dua li qub thaum hypoxia yog qhov tsis ua haujlwm ntawm cov pa oxygen rau cov ntaub so ntswg. Hypoxemia tej zaum yuav ua rau cov ntaub so ntswg hypoxia, tab sis hypoxia thiab hypoxemia tsis tas yuav ua ke.
Hypoxia yog dab tsi?
Hypoxia yog qhov tsis ua haujlwm ntawm cov pa oxygen rau cov ntaub so ntswg. Kev ua tsis tiav tiag tiag ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg tsis tuaj yeem ntsuas los ntawm kev kuaj ncaj qha. Qib siab ntawm lactate qhia tias muaj cov ntaub so ntswg hypoxia. Hypoxia thiab hypoxemia tuaj yeem los yog tsis tuaj yeem ua ke. Yog tias muaj cov pa oxygen ntau ntxiv rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg, yuav tsis muaj hypoxia ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg txawm tias tsis muaj cov pa oxygen hauv cov hlab ntsha. Ua kom lub plawv tso zis ntau dua cov ntshav mus rau cov ntaub so ntswg; Yog li cov nyiaj tau los ntawm cov pa oxygen xa mus rau cov ntaub so ntswg dhau ib lub sijhawm yog siab. Qee cov ntaub so ntswg tuaj yeem txo qis kev siv oxygen los ntawm kev txwv tsis pub cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tseem ceeb. Yog li ntawd, qhov me me oxygen xa mus rau cov ntaub so ntswg txaus. Ntawm qhov tod tes, yog tias muaj cov ntshav tsis txaus, ntshav siab tsawg, xav tau oxygen ntau ntxiv, thiab tsis muaj peev xwm siv cov pa oxygen zoo ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg, cov ntaub so ntswg hypoxia tuaj yeem tshwm sim txawm tias tsis muaj hypoxemia. Muaj tsib qhov ua rau cov ntaub so ntswg hypoxia; Lawv yog hypoxemia, stagnation, anemia, histotoxicity, thiab oxygen affinity. Txog tam sim no, hypoxemia yog qhov ua rau cov ntaub so ntswg hypoxia.
Hypoxemia yog dab tsi?
Hypoxemia yog qhov tsis muaj cov pa oxygen hauv cov hlab ntsha. Cov ntsiab lus oxygen nyob rau hauv cov ntshav arterial hu ua arterial oxygen tension lossis oxygen ib nrab siab. Qhov ib txwm muaj ntawm ib feem siab ntawm oxygen yog los ntawm 80 mus rau 100 mmHg. Cov ntshav oxygen qib hauv cov hlab ntsha yog cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau qib oxygen hauv lub ntsws. Thaum peb ua tsis taus pa, huab cua ib txwm nkag mus rau hauv lub ntsws. Nws ntws los ntawm trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, mus rau alveoli. Alveoli muaj cov nplua nuj capillary network nyob ib puag ncig lawv, thiab qhov thaiv ntawm huab cua thiab ntshav yog nyias heev. Oxygen diffuses los ntawm alveoli mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha kom txog rau thaum lub siab ib nrab sib npaug. Thaum cov pa oxygen hauv huab cua qis (qhov siab siab), cov pa oxygen nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntshav poob qis. Hloov pauv, kho cov pa oxygen tsub kom cov ntshav oxygen qib. Yog tias tsis muaj qhov thaiv, kev ua kom zoo thiab kev siv cov pa oxygen ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg, yuav tsis muaj cov ntaub so ntswg hypoxia.
Stagnation Hypoxia: Lub plawv tso zis, ntshav ntim, vascular tsis kam, venous capacitance, thiab cov ntshav siab ncaj qha cuam tshuam cov ntaub so ntswg perfusion. Ntau lub cev muaj ib qho kev tswj hwm nws tus kheej. Cov txheej txheem no tswj lub perfusion pressures ntawm lub cev ruaj khov nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau yam ntawm txawv systemic ntshav siab. Txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias oxygenation ntawm cov ntshav ntawm lub ntsws ua haujlwm tau zoo, yog tias cov ntshav tsis ncav cuag ib qho hauv nruab nrog cev vim yog cov atherosclerotic plaque tsim lossis ntshav siab, cov ntaub so ntswg tsis tau txais oxygen txaus. Qhov no hu ua stagnation hypoxia.
Anemic Hypoxia: hemoglobin qib qis dua qhov qub rau hnub nyoog thiab poj niam txiv neej hu ua anemia. Hemoglobin yog cov pa oxygen uas nqa cov ntshav ntawm cov ntshav. Thaum qib hemoglobin poob qis, lub peev xwm nqa oxygen ntawm cov ntshav mus qis. Hauv kev mob hnyav hnyav, cov pa oxygen uas nqa hauv cov ntshav yuav tsis txaus los tiv thaiv kev mob hnyav. Yog li ntawd, cov ntaub so ntswg hypoxia tsim.
Histotoxic Hypoxia: Hauv histotoxic hypoxia, muaj qhov tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg siv oxygen. Cyanide lom, uas cuam tshuam nrog cellular metabolism, yog ib qho piv txwv classic ntawm histotoxic hypoxia. Hauv qhov no, hypoxia tuaj yeem txhim kho txawm tias tsis muaj hypoxemia.
Hypoxia vim Oxygen Affinity: Thaum hemoglobin khi cov pa kom nruj (oxygen affinity nce), nws tsis tso oxygen ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg. Yog li ntawd, cov pa oxygen xa mus rau cov ntaub so ntswg poob.
