RAM vs processor
RAM thiab Processor yog ob qho tseem ceeb ntawm lub khoos phis tawj. Feem ntau cov processor los ua ib lub nti thaum RAM tsav los ua ib qho module uas muaj ob peb IC's. Ob leeg yog cov khoom siv semiconductor.
YRAM yog dab tsi?
RAM stands rau Random Access Memory, uas yog lub cim xeeb siv los ntawm cov khoos phis tawj los khaws cov ntaub ntawv thaum lub sijhawm suav cov txheej txheem. RAM tso cai rau cov ntaub ntawv nkag mus rau hauv ib qho kev txiav txim random, thiab cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia hauv nws yog volatile; i.e. cov ntaub ntawv raug puas tsuaj thaum lub zog rau lub cuab yeej nres.
Nyob rau hauv computers thaum ntxov, relay configurations tau siv raws li lub RAMs tab sis, nyob rau hauv niaj hnub computers systems, lub RAM pab kiag li lawm yog lub xeev cov khoom siv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev sib txuas circuits. Muaj peb chav kawm tseem ceeb ntawm RAM, thiab cov no yog Static RAM (SRAM), Dynamic RAM (DRAM), thiab Phase-hloov RAM (PRAM). Hauv SRAM, cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia siv lub xeev ntawm ib qho flip-flop rau txhua qhov me me; Hauv DRAM, ib qho capacitor rau txhua qhov yog siv. (Nyeem ntxiv txog qhov txawv ntawm SRAM thiab DRAM)
RAM cov khoom siv tau tsim los siv lub rooj sib txoos loj ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas siv los khaws cov khoom thauj ib ntus. Thaum lub capacitor raug them, lub xeev qhov kev xav tau yog 1 (High), thiab thaum tso tawm, qhov kev xav tau yog 0 (Low). Txhua lub capacitor sawv cev rau ib lub cim xeeb me ntsis, thiab nws yuav tsum tau them rov qab rau ib ntus kom khaws cov ntaub ntawv tsis tu ncua; Qhov kev rov ua dua tshiab no yog hu ua lub voj voog ua kom rov zoo.
Tus txheej txheem yog dab tsi?
Nws yog microprocessor (ib qho hluav taws xob hauv hluav taws xob ua rau ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob semiconductor wafer / slab) uas feem ntau hu ua Processor thiab raug hu ua Central Processing Unit ntawm lub computer system. Nws yog ib qho hluav taws xob nti uas ua cov ntaub ntawv raws li cov khoom siv. Nws muaj peev xwm los tswj, khaws, khaws thiab / lossis tso saib cov ntaub ntawv hauv binary daim ntawv. Txhua yam khoom hauv lub cev ua haujlwm raws li cov lus qhia ncaj qha lossis tsis ncaj qha los ntawm tus processor.
Thawj microprocessor tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1960 tom qab kev tshawb pom ntawm semiconductor transistor. Ib qho analog processor lossis lub khoos phis tawj loj txaus los sau ib chav ua tiav tuaj yeem ua rau me me siv cov thev naus laus zis no rau qhov loj ntawm tus ntiv tes xoo. Intel tau tshaj tawm lub ntiaj teb thawj microprocessor Intel 4004 hauv xyoo 1971. Txij thaum ntawd los nws tau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev rau tib neeg kev vam meej, los ntawm kev nce qib hauv computer technology.
Ib tus processor ua cov lus qhia ntawm qhov zaus txiav txim siab los ntawm oscillator, uas ua raws li lub sijhawm ua haujlwm rau lub voj voog. Thaum lub ncov ntawm txhua lub moos teeb liab, lub processor ua haujlwm ib qho kev ua haujlwm theem pib lossis ib feem ntawm cov lus qhia. Qhov ceev ntawm lub processor yog txiav txim los ntawm lub moos ceev. Tsis tas li, Cycles per Instruction (CPI) muab qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov voj voog uas yuav tsum tau ua kom tiav cov lus qhia rau lub processor. Cov txheej txheem uas muaj CPI qis dua yog qhov nrawm dua li qhov muaj CPI siab dua.
Ib lub processor muaj ntau qhov sib txuas. Cache nco thiab sau npe, chav tswj, chav ua haujlwm, thiab chav tswj xyuas tsheb npav yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm lub processor. Control unit txuas cov ntaub ntawv tuaj, txiav txim siab nws, thiab dhau mus rau theem ua tiav. Nws muaj subcomponents hu ua sequencer, ordinal counter, thiab instruction register. Sequencer synchronizes tus nqi ntawm kev qhia ua tiav nrog lub moos ceev thiab nws kuj kis tau cov teeb liab tswj mus rau lwm chav. Ordinal txee khaws qhov chaw nyob ntawm cov lus qhia tam sim no thiab cov ntawv sau npe qhia muaj cov lus qhia tom ntej uas yuav tsum tau ua.
Lub tsev ua haujlwm ua haujlwm ua haujlwm raws li cov lus qhia. Arithmetic thiab Logic unit, floating point unit, status register, thiab accumulator register yog cov subcomponents ntawm lub execution unit. Arithmetic thiab Logic Unit (ALU) ua cov lej lej thiab cov lej lej, xws li AND, LOSSIS, TSIS thiab XOR cov haujlwm. Cov haujlwm no tau ua tiav hauv daim ntawv binary raws li Boolean logic. Floating point unit ua cov haujlwm ntsig txog cov ntsiab lus ntab ntab, uas tsis yog ua los ntawm ALU.
Registers yog qhov chaw nco me me hauv lub nti uas khaws cov lus qhia ib ntus rau kev ua haujlwm. Cov ntawv sau npe (ACC), kev sau npe raws li txoj cai, cov ntawv sau qhia, cov ntawv pov thawj, thiab cov ntawv sau npe tsis yog cov npe tseem ceeb. Cache kuj yog lub cim xeeb hauv zos uas siv los khaws cov ntaub ntawv muaj nyob hauv RAM ib ntus kom nkag tau sai dua thaum ua haujlwm.
Cov txheej txheem tau tsim los siv cov qauv sib txawv thiab cov txheej txheem qhia. Cov txheej txheem qhia yog cov lej ntawm cov haujlwm yooj yim uas tus processor tuaj yeem ua tiav. Raws li cov lus qhia teev cov processors tau categorized raws li nram no.
• 80 × 86 tsev neeg: ("x" hauv nruab nrab sawv cev rau tsev neeg; 386, 486, 586, 686, thiab lwm yam)
• ARM
• IA-64
• MIPS
• Motorola 6800
• PowerPC
• SPARC
Muaj ntau chav kawm ntawm Intel microprocessor tsim rau khoos phis tawj.
386: Intel Corporation tso tawm 80386 nti hauv xyoo 1985. Nws muaj 32-ntsis sau npe loj, 32-ntsis cov ntaub ntawv tsheb npav, thiab 32-ntsis chaw nyob tsheb npav thiab muaj peev xwm tuav 16MB nco; Nws muaj 275,000 transistors hauv nws. Tom qab ntawd i386 tau tsim los rau hauv ntau dua.
486, 586 (Pentium), 686 (Pentium II chav kawm) yog cov microprocessors siab heev tsim raws li tus qauv i386 thawj.
Qhov txawv ntawm RAM thiab processor yog dab tsi?
• RAM yog lub cim xeeb hauv lub computer thaum lub processor ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb raws li cov lus qhia.
• Hauv cov khoos phis tawj niaj hnub no, ob qho tib si RAM thiab Cov Txheej Txheem yog cov khoom siv semiconductor, thiab yuav tsum tau txuas nrog lub rooj tsav xwm tseem ceeb (motherboard) los ntawm qhov txuas ntxiv.
• RAM thiab Processor yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm lub khoos phis tawj, thiab yuav tsis ua haujlwm nrog kev ua haujlwm tsis raug.
• Feem ntau, tus processor yog ntsuas rau tus lej ntawm kev ua haujlwm (hloov) nws tuaj yeem ua tau hauv ib thib ob (hauv GHz), thiab RAM raug ntsuas rau lub cim xeeb muaj peev xwm (hauv MB lossis GBs).
• Ib lub processor tau pom raws li ib pob IC thaum RAM drives muaj raws li cov modules muaj ob peb ICs.
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