Alloy vs Composite
Alloy thiab cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw yog cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm ob lossis ntau yam khoom. Ob leeg muaj cov khoom sib txawv dua li cov khoom pib.
Yuav ua li cas yog Alloy?
Alloy yog qhov sib xyaw ntawm ob lossis ntau lub ntsiab lus uas tsawg kawg yog ib qho ntawm lawv yog hlau. Lub resulting alloy yuav ua tau ib tug tov los yog ib tug khoom. Yog tias tsuas yog ob qho sib xyaw ua ke los tsim cov hlau, nws yog hu ua binary alloy. Yog hais tias muaj peb yam, nws yog hu ua ternary alloy. Tus nqi ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv alloy yog ib txwm ntsuas thiab muab los ntawm huab hwm coj (raws li feem pua). Alloys tuaj yeem raug faib ua homogeneous yog tias lawv muaj ib theem. Yog tias muaj ob peb theem, cov alloys raug cais raws li heterogeneous. Yog tias tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm tus ciam teb, ces lawv hu ua intermetallic.
Alloys yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom, kom muaj kev txhim kho zoo dua li cov khoom reactant. Lawv muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv reactant. Feem ntau cov alloys muaj cov khoom siv hlau, tab sis lawv txawv ntawm cov hlau ntshiab. Piv txwv li, alloys tsis muaj ib tug melting point. Hloov chaw, lawv muaj ntau cov ntsiab lus melting.
Hlau yog ib qho piv txwv rau alloy. Nws yog tsim los ntawm hlau thiab carbon. Hlau muaj zog dua hlau. Cov pa roj carbon feem pua tuaj yeem sib txawv nyob ntawm qib, thiab feem ntau nws nyob nruab nrab ntawm 0.2% thiab 2.1% los ntawm qhov hnyav. Txawm hais tias carbon yog cov khoom tseem ceeb alloying rau hlau, qee cov khoom xws li Tungsten, chromium, manganese kuj tseem siv tau rau lub hom phiaj. Ntau hom thiab ntau npaum li cas ntawm cov khoom siv alloying txiav txim siab hardness, ductility thiab tensile zog ntawm steel. Alloying lub luag haujlwm yog lub luag haujlwm tswj xyuas cov qauv siv lead ua lattice ntawm cov hlau los ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev tawg ntawm cov hlau atoms. Yog li, nws ua raws li tus neeg sawv cev hardening hauv steel. Qhov ntom ntawm cov hlau txawv ntawm 7, 750 thiab 8, 050 kg / m3 thiab, qhov no cuam tshuam los ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke.
Brass yog lwm cov hlau uas ua los ntawm tooj liab thiab zinc, tab sis ruaj dua tooj liab thiab ntxim nyiam tshaj zinc. Thaum tsim cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub los ntawm kub, nyiaj, thiab platinum, lawv tau sib xyaw nrog lwm cov khoom, kom lawv ua kom zoo dua qub thiab yoog raws.
Composite yog dab tsi?
Composite yog cov khoom tsim tawm los ntawm ob lossis ntau cov khoom siv uas muaj tshuaj lom neeg thiab lub cev sib txawv. Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj yog cov ntaub ntawv tus kheej uas ua rau cov khoom sib xyaw. Muaj ob pawg ntawm lawv li matrix thiab kev txhawb zog. Feem ntau cov khoom siv matrix txhawb nqa cov khoom siv ntxiv. Cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb nyob sib cais nyob rau hauv cov qauv tiav vim tias lawv muaj tshuaj lom neeg thiab lub cev sib txawv, sib xyaw ua ke.
Composites tuaj yeem yog cov khoom siv hluavtaws lossis cov khoom tsim tawm. Ntoo yog ib tug natural composite. Nws yog tsim los ntawm cellulose fibers thiab ib tug matrix ntawm lignin. Thaum npaj cov khoom sib xyaw, feem ntau ob qho tib si matrix thiab cov ntaub ntawv muaj zog yog ua ke thiab compacted. Tom qab ntawd, cov duab ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw tau teeb tsa, thiab nws yuav tsis hloov tshwj tsis yog tias nws cuam tshuam los ntawm qee yam xwm txheej.
Alloy vs Composite
