Chromatin vs Chromatid
Cov qauv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv lub xov tooj ntawm tes thaum sib faib yog cov chromosomes uas muaj DNA. Qhov no yog vim lawv muaj lub luag haujlwm rau kev xa cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm ib tiam mus rau lwm tiam. Muaj ob hom chromosomes. Cov no yog autosomes thiab kev sib deev chromosomes. Kev sib deev chromosomes yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev txiav txim siab deev.
Chromatid
Hauv eukaryotes, DNA pom muaj nyob hauv chromosomes hauv lub nucleus. Chromosomes yog tsim los ntawm ib qho molecule ntawm DNA thiab cov proteins. Chromosomes yog linear, thiab DNA nyob rau hauv lawv yog ob zaug stranded. Muaj ntau cov chromosomes nyob rau hauv ib lub nucleus. Nyob rau hauv prokaryotes, ib tug tib DNA molecule uas yog ob stranded daim ntawv chromosome. Tsis muaj cov proteins hauv chromosome. Hauv cov kab mob, cov khoom siv caj ces yog DNA lossis RNA. Lawv tuaj yeem yog ob txoj hlua khi los yog ib txoj hlua khi. Tej zaum nws yuav yog ncig los yog tawm.
Txhua chromosome muaj ib lub sijhawm ntev ntawm DNA thiab tsim los ntawm ntau lab tus nucleotides. Ib qho nucleotide sib txawv ntawm ib leeg nkaus xwb nyob rau hauv ib theem ntawm nitrogenous puag khub. Nucleotides tau teem rau ntau txoj hauv kev, los tsim cov chains polynucleotide. Yog li ntawd, lub hauv paus sib lawv liag ntawm cov chains txawv ntawm ib leeg thiab yog li sib lawv liag ntawm lub hauv paus khub.
Nyob rau hauv cov molecule ntawm DNA, cov khoom sib txawv ua raws li cov noob sib txawv. Ib lub noob yog cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb ntawm cov noob caj noob ces txiav txim siab los ntawm ib ntu ntawm cov hauv paus khub. DNA molecule yog qhov tsim nyog tshaj plaws los ua cov khoom siv caj ces ntawm cov kab mob vim yog cov laj thawj hauv qab no. Nws muaj cov qauv yooj yim, universal thiab ruaj khov. Nws tuaj yeem khaws cov ntaub ntawv raws li cov kab ke ntawm nitrogenous puag khub. Nws cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem hloov pauv me ntsis hauv qee lub sijhawm tsis tshua muaj. DNA muaj peev xwm ua tau tus kheej replicate thiaj li tsim tau cov ntawv luam.
Thaum lub sijhawm prophase ntawm kev faib nuclear, txhua chromosome tuaj yeem pom nrog 2 chromatids thiab cov no tau tuav ua ke los ntawm centromere. Thaum lub sij hawm metaphase, qee cov microtubules tau txuas mus rau centromere. Thaum lub sij hawm anaphase, centromeres phua thiab chromatids yog sib cais. Tom qab sib cais, txhua tus chromatid tuaj yeem raug hu ua chromosome. Tom qab ntawd cov chromatids raug rub mus rau cov ncej ntawm tes. Thaum lub sij hawm telophase chromatids ncav cuag lub opposite ncej ntawm lub cell.
Chromatin
Thaum lub sijhawm sib cuam tshuam ntawm lub voj voog ntawm tes, chromosomes tsis pom vim tias lawv tshwm sim nyias, ntev xov zoo li cov qauv hu ua chromatin. Chromatin ntev, xov zoo li cov qauv. Cov no yog tsim los ntawm DNA thiab histone proteins. Thaum lub sijhawm faib ntawm tes, chromatin ua luv luv thiab tuab cov qauv hu ua chromosomes.
Qhov txawv ntawm Chromatin thiab Chromatid yog dab tsi?
• Chromatin yog cov xov ntev zoo li cov qauv. Cov no yog tsim los ntawm DNA thiab histone proteins. Thaum lub sijhawm faib ntawm tes, chromatin ua luv luv thiab tuab cov qauv hu ua chromosomes.
• Thaum lub sij hawm prophase ntawm nuclear division, txhua chromosome tuaj yeem pom nrog 2 chromatids thiab cov no tau tuav ua ke los ntawm centromere. Thaum lub sij hawm metaphase, qee cov microtubules tau txuas mus rau centromere. Thaum lub sij hawm anaphase, centromeres phua thiab chromatids yog sib cais. Tom qab sib cais, txhua chromatid tuaj yeem raug hu ua chromosome.
• Chromatids yog ces kos rau ntawm tus ncej ntawm tes. Thaum lub sij hawm telophase chromatids ncav cuag tus opposite ncej ntawm lub cell. Chromatids coj li chromosomes. Chromosomes lengthen thiab ploj mus tsim chromatin.
