IC vs Chip
Raws li Jack Kilby tus kheej cov lus, tus tsim khoom ntawm Integrated Circuit Court, ib qho kev sib koom ua ke yog lub cev ntawm cov khoom siv semiconductor, uas tag nrho cov khoom ntawm cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tau sib xyaw ua ke. Ntau technically ib qho kev sib xyaw ua ke yog ib qho hluav taws xob hluav taws xob los yog cov cuab yeej ua rau ntawm ib qho semiconductor substrate (base) txheej los ntawm cov qauv diffusion ntawm kab mus rau nws. Lub invention ntawm lub integrated circuit technology nyob rau hauv 1958 revolutionized lub ntiaj teb no nyob rau hauv ib tug unprecedented yam. Ib nti yog ib lo lus siv rau kev sib koom ua ke.
Ntau txog Integrated Circuits
Cov kev sib xyaw ua ke lossis IC's yog cov cuab yeej siv hauv yuav luag txhua yam khoom siv hluav taws xob niaj hnub no. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm semiconductor technology, thiab fabrication txoj kev ua rau invention ntawm Integrated Circuits. Ua ntej invention ntawm IC tag nrho cov cuab yeej rau kev ua hauj lwm kev ua hauj lwm siv lub tshuab nqus tsev raj rau kev siv rau logic rooj vag thiab keyboards. Lub tshuab nqus tsev vacuum, nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej, yog qhov loj, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siab. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, lub discrete circuits yuav tsum tau txuas manually. Kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov xwm txheej no ua rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob loj thiab kim heev txawm tias ua haujlwm tsawg tshaj plaws hauv kev suav. Yog li ntawd, lub computer, tsib xyoos dhau los yog loj loj thiab kim heev, thiab tus kheej lub computer yog ib tug npau suav nyob deb heev.
Semiconductor raws li transistors thiab diodes, uas muaj zog dua kev ua haujlwm thiab microscopic loj, hloov lub tshuab nqus tsev thiab lawv siv. Yog li lub voj voog loj tuaj yeem ua ke ntawm ib qho me me ntawm cov khoom siv semiconductor tso cai rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau dua los tsim. Txawm hais tias thawj qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke tsuas muaj tsawg tsawg ntawm cov transistors nyob rau hauv lawv, tam sim no nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam ntawm koj tus ntiv tes xoo ntsia thawv billions ntawm transistors yog kev koom ua ke. Intel's Six-Core, Core i7 (Sandy Bridge-E) processor muaj 2, 270, 000, 000 transistors hauv 434 mm² loj silicon piece. Raws li tus naj npawb ntawm cov transistors suav nrog hauv IC, lawv tau muab faib ua ntau tiam neeg.
SSI - Kev sib xyaw me me - ntau lub transistors (<100)
MSI –Medikum Scale Integration – pua pua ntawm transistors (< 1000)
LSI - Kev Sib Koom Tes Loj - ntau txhiab tus transistors (10,000 ~ 10000)
VLSI-Kev Sib Koom Tes Loj Heev - lab rau billions (106 ~ 10 9)
Raws li txoj haujlwm IC's tau muab faib ua peb pawg, Digital, Analog thiab cov teeb liab sib xyaw. Digital IC's tsim los ua haujlwm ntawm cov qib tsis sib xws thiab muaj cov ntsiab lus digital xws li flip-flops, multiplexers, demultiplexers encoders, decoders thiab sau npe. Cov IC's feem ntau yog microprocessors, microcontrollers, timers, Field Programmable Logic Arrays (FPGA) thiab cov khoom siv nco (RAM, ROM thiab Flash), thaum analog IC's yog cov sensors, kev ua haujlwm amplifiers thiab compact fais fab tswj circuits. Analog rau Digital Converters (ADC) thiab Digital rau Analog Converters siv ob qho tib si analog thiab cov ntsiab lus digital; Yog li ntawd, cov IC cov txheej txheem ob qho tib si discrete thiab nruam voltage qhov tseem ceeb. Txij li thaum ob hom teeb liab tau ua tiav, lawv tau raug hu ua Mixed IC.
IC's tau ntim rau hauv cov khoom siv sab nrauv ua los ntawm cov khoom siv insulating nrog cov thermal conductivity, nrog rau cov terminals (pins) ntawm Circuit Court span tawm ntawm lub cev ntawm IC. Raws li tus pin configuration ntau hom IC lub ntim muaj. Dual In-line Package (DIP), Yas Quad Flat Pack (PQFP) thiab Flip-Chip Ball Grid Array (FCBGA) yog cov piv txwv ntawm hom ntim.
Qhov txawv ntawm Integrated Circuit thiab Chip yog dab tsi?
• Ib qho kev sib xyaw ua ke tseem hu ua nti, vim lub ntsej muag IC tuaj nyob rau hauv ib pob zoo li lub nti.
• Ib txheej ntawm Integrated Circuits feem ntau hu ua Chipset, dua li IC teeb.
