Allele vs Trait
Nyob rau xyoo 1822, Mendel tau pom ntau hom kev sib txawv los ntawm hybridization ntawm pea nroj tsuag (Pisum sativum) thiab kev txheeb cais ntawm lawv. Cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv tshwm sim los ntawm hybridization pom nthuav meej meej qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov ntev ntawm qia, xim ntawm cov noob, cov duab thiab xim ntawm cov pod, txoj hauj lwm, thiab xim ntawm cov noob. xya tus yam ntxwv no hu ua traits.
Los ntawm qhov kev sim nws tau tshawb xyuas, Mendel xaus lus tias txhua tus yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev yog tswj los ntawm ib khub ntawm alleles thiab, yog tias lub cev muaj ob qho sib txawv alleles, ib qho tuaj yeem hais tawm dua lwm tus.
Nws pom tias muaj "yam" uas txiav txim siab tus yam ntxwv (tus cwj pwm) ntawm tus neeg, thiab tom qab ntawd nws pom tias qhov tseem ceeb yog cov noob.
Allele
Gene yog ib feem me me ntawm DNA uas nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb ntawm chromosome, uas codes rau ib leeg RNA lossis protein. Nws yog lub molecular unit ntawm heredity (Wilson and Walker, 2003). Allele yog lwm hom ntawm cov noob uas cuam tshuam rau cov phenotypic qhia ntawm cov noob.
Alleles txiav txim siab sib txawv, uas muaj cov phenotypes sib txawv. Raws li ib qho piv txwv, cov noob muaj lub luag haujlwm rau cov paj xim ntawm cov txiv laum huab xeeb (Pisum sativum) nqa ob daim ntawv, ib qho allele txiav txim siab xim dawb, thiab lwm yam allele txiav txim siab xim liab. Ob phenotypes liab thiab dawb no tsis qhia ib txhij hauv ib tus neeg.
Hauv cov tsiaj, feem ntau cov noob muaj ob hom allelic. Thaum ob alleles zoo ib yam, nws yog hu ua homozygous alleles thiab, thaum nws tsis zoo tib yam, nws yog hu ua heterozygous alleles. Yog hais tias alleles yog heterozygous, ces ib tug phenotype yog dominant dua lwm yam. Allele, uas tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb, hu ua recessive. Yog tias cov ntawv allelic yog homozygous, nws yog lub cim los ntawm RR, yog tias nws tseem ceeb, lossis rr yog tias rov ua haujlwm. Yog cov ntawv allelic yog heterozygous, Rr yog lub cim.
Txawm hais tias, feem ntau ntawm cov noob muaj ob qho alleles hauv tib neeg thiab tsim ib tus yam ntxwv, qee tus yam ntxwv tau txiav txim siab los ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm ntau cov noob.
Thaum sib txawv alleles nyob rau tib qhov chaw ntawm genome nws hu ua polymorphism.
Tswj
Tus cwj pwm yog lub cev qhia txog cov noob xws li R gene yog lub luag haujlwm rau xim liab ntawm paj txiv laum huab xeeb (Pisum sativum). Tsuas yog nws tuaj yeem piav qhia raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev ntawm kev txiav txim siab caj ces (Taylor li al, 1998), tab sis cov yam ntxwv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam los ntawm ib puag ncig lossis ob hom noob thiab ib puag ncig.
Kev sib xyaw ntawm cov alleles sib txawv qhia cov yam ntxwv sib txawv lossis cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev xws li kev tswj tsis tiav thiab kev sib koom ua ke.
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm Allele thiab Trait?
• Alleles yog lwm hom gene, qhov zoo yog lub cev qhia ntawm cov noob.
• Allele yog nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb, hauv chromosome, qhov zoo yog qhov qhia lub cev.
• Alleles txiav txim siab cov yam ntxwv sib txawv uas muaj cov phenotype sib txawv.
• Allele tej zaum yuav nyob rau hauv homozygous xeev los yog heterozygous xeev, whereas zoo tsis muaj xws li lub xeev.
• Allele yog ib feem me me ntawm DNA, qhov zoo yog ib yam khoom ntawm biochemical tshua.
• Alleles nqa cov ntaub ntawv uas lav ris rau tus cwj pwm ntawm tus kheej, qhov zoo yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm tus kheej.
