Anhydrous vs Monohydrate
Muaj cov khoom nyob rau hauv cov khoom, kua thiab gaseous theem. Lawv txawv vim lawv cov khoom. Tib cov tshuaj muaj cov khoom sib txawv thiab cov yam ntxwv raws li lub xeev lawv nyob hauv. Txij li cov dej muaj nyob txhua qhov chaw, qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov dej hauv cov tshuaj muaj ntau heev. Cov dej vapors nyob hauv qhov chaw. Txawm hais tias peb khaws cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas tsis muaj dej, cov dej atmospheric tuaj yeem nqus tau los ntawm qee cov tshuaj. Yog li ntawd, yog tias peb xav kom muaj cov tshuaj tsis muaj dej, nws yuav tsum tau muab cia rau hauv qhov chaw tsis muaj dej, qhuav. Qee lub sij hawm peb tuaj yeem siv lwm yam khoom xws li silica gel los nqus cov dej atmospheric hauv lub thawv, kom cov tshuaj muaj qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm cov dej atmospheric.
Txoj kev uas cov tshuaj nqus dej sib txawv ntawm cov tshuaj mus rau tshuaj. Qee cov tshuaj tsis muaj polar kiag li. Cov no tsis nyiam cuam tshuam nrog dej; Yog li ntawd, lawv tshem tawm cov dej molecules. Piv txwv li, ether, benzene, acetone yog cov khoom tsis muaj dej. Anhydrous yog lo lus siv hauv chemistry los piav txog cov tebchaw no. Qee cov tshuaj nqus tau thiab muaj dej. Cov molecules nrog dej yog hu ua hydrated molecules. Cov tshuaj uas muaj peev xwm nqus dej noo los ntawm huab cua tau hais tias yog hygroscopic. Tus nqi ntawm kev nqus dej tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm cov tshuaj mus rau tshuaj. Ib daim ntawm sodium nyob rau hauv cov huab cua tuaj yeem nqus dej noo sai heev thaum qab zib absorbs dej maj mam. Tsis tsuas yog tus nqi nqus dej xwb, tab sis tus nqi ntawm cov dej uas muaj peev xwm nqus tau txawv ntawm ib yam khoom mus rau lwm qhov. Piv txwv li, qee yam khoom xws li sodium nqus dej kom txog thaum nws yaj. Qee cov khoom muaj tsuas yog ib qho dej molecule rau ib qho ntawm cov khoom molecule. Ib yam li ntawd, qee qhov muaj 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, dej molecules thiab lwm yam. Raws li tau hais ua ntej, tus nqi ntawm cov dej ntawm cov khoom tuaj yeem hloov nws cov khoom. Piv txwv li, peb paub tias ntsev (sodium chloride) crystal dissolves thaum nws nqus dej. Tab sis muaj qee qhov sib xyaw ua ke hauv lub xeev ruaj khov. Lawv tuaj yeem suav nrog ib lossis ob peb cov dej molecules. Tab sis cov ntaub ntawv nrog dej thiab cov ntaub ntawv tsis muaj dej yuav muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov xim, kev ntxhib los mos, reactivity, thiab lwm yam.
Anhydrous
Ib yam tshuaj hais tias tsis muaj dej, thaum nws tsis muaj dej. Rau qee qhov kev tshwm sim, nws tau tshwj xeeb tshaj tawm kom ua tiav cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej tsis muaj dej. Hauv qhov xwm txheej ntawd, peb yuav tsum noj tshuaj tsis muaj dej thiab nqa tawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv cov ntim dej tsis muaj dej. Grignard cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv uas cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv ib qho kev mob anhydrous. Copper sulfate tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv daim ntawv tsis muaj dej uas nws muaj xim dawb (tsis yog nws muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv pentahydrate thiab muaj xim xiav). Peb tuaj yeem tau txais cov tshuaj anhydrous los ntawm kev npau npau. Boiling evaporates dej thiab muab cov kua anhydrous. Lossis, peb tuaj yeem siv cov khoom uas nqus tau tag nrho cov dej thiab ua rau cov khoom qhuav. Los yog lwm yam peb tuaj yeem siv molecular sieves lossis ntxiv alkali hauv paus xws li potassium hydroxide.
Monohydrate
Monohydrate muaj ib qho dej molecule rau ib chav tsev. Feem ntau, tus naj npawb ntawm cov dej molecules ib cov tshuaj molecule tau sau ua "chemical formula. n H2O". n muab tus naj npawb ntawm cov dej molecules thiab, yog hais tias cov compound yog monohydrated, n yog ib.
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm Anhydrous thiab Monohydrate?
• Anhydrous txhais tau tias tsis muaj dej thiab monohydrate txhais tau tias muaj ib qho dej molecule.
• Anhydrous daim ntawv thiab daim ntawv monohydrate ntawm cov tshuaj yuav txawv ntawm lawv cov reactivity, xim thiab theem.
