Qhov txawv ntawm Alkalinity thiab pH

2024 Tus sau: Alex Aldridge | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 13:40

Alkalinity vs pH

pH yog ib lo lus siv ntau tshaj plaws hauv chav kuaj. Nws yog txuam nrog kev ntsuas alkalinity thiab acidity ntsuas.

Alkalinity

'Alkalinity' muaj alkali zog. Pawg 1 thiab pawg 2 cov ntsiab lus, uas tseem hu ua alkali hlau thiab alkaline ntiaj teb hlau, raug suav tias yog alkaline thaum lawv yaj hauv dej. Sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, thiab calcium carbonate yog qee qhov piv txwv. Arrhenius txhais cov hauv paus raws li cov tshuaj uas tsim OH^– hauv cov kev daws teeb meem. Cov molecules hais tias OH^– thaum yaj hauv dej, yog li ntawd, ua zoo li cov hauv paus. Alkalinity ntawm kev daws yog ntsuas los ntawm kev noj cov lej ntawm tag nrho cov hauv paus hauv cov tshuaj ntawd. Nquag, thaum xam cov alkalinity, cov lej ntawm carbonate (CO ₃^2-), bicarbonate (HCO _{3. –), thiab hydroxide alkalinity (OH}–^{) raug coj. Alkaline daws tau yooj yim nrog cov kua qaub ua dej thiab ntsev molecules. Lawv qhia pH tus nqi siab dua 7 thiab tig liab litmus rau xiav. Muaj lwm lub hauv paus tshwj tsis yog cov hauv paus alkaline xws li NH} 3 _{Lawv kuj muaj tib yam khoom yooj yim. Alkalinity tseem ceeb hauv neutralizing acidity, tshem tawm cov rog thiab roj. Yog li ntawd, feem ntau cov tshuaj detergents muaj alkalinity.}

pH

pH yog qhov ntsuas, uas tuaj yeem siv los ntsuas cov kua qaub lossis qhov pib hauv cov tshuaj. Qhov ntsuas muaj tus lej ntawm 1 txog 14. pH 7 yog suav tias yog tus nqi nruab nrab. Cov dej ntshiab yog hais tias muaj pH 7. Hauv pH nplai, los ntawm 1-6 sawv cev rau cov kua qaub. Cov kua qaub tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob, raws li lawv lub peev xwm los sib cais thiab tsim cov protons. Cov acids muaj zog xws li HCl, HNO ₃ yog ionized tag nrho hauv cov tshuaj, muab cov protons. Cov acids tsis muaj zog xws li CH_{3COOH ib nrab dissociate thiab muab tsawg dua ntawm cov protons. Cov kua qaub nrog pH 1 tau hais tias muaj zog heev, thiab raws li tus nqi pH nce, acidity poob qis. Yog li cov pH qhov tseem ceeb tshaj 7 qhia txog qhov tseem ceeb. Raws li qhov pib nce, pH tus nqi kuj yuav nce, thiab cov hauv paus muaj zog yuav muaj pH tus nqi 14.}

pH nplai yog logarithmic. Nws tuaj yeem sau tau raws li hauv qab no, nyob rau hauv txheeb ze rau H^{+ concentration hauv kev daws.}

pH=-log [H^+]

Hauv kev daws teeb meem, tsis muaj H⁺s. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv ib qho xwm txheej zoo li ntawd, los ntawm –log [OH^{–] tus nqi pOH tuaj yeem txiav txim siab.}

Vim, pH + pOH=14

Yog li ntawd, tus nqi pH ntawm cov tshuaj yooj yim kuj tuaj yeem suav. Muaj cov pH ntsuas thiab pH cov ntaub ntawv hauv chav kuaj, uas tuaj yeem siv los ntsuas pH qhov tseem ceeb ncaj qha. pH cov ntaub ntawv yuav muab kwv yees pH qhov tseem ceeb, qhov pH meters muab qhov tseeb dua.

Qhov txawv ntawm Alkalinity thiab pH yog dab tsi?

• pH ntsuas tag nrho [H^{+] hauv kev daws thiab nws yog qhov ntsuas ntau ntawm alkalinity. Alkalinity muab qhov qhia tau zoo ntawm cov qib ntawm cov hauv paus lossis cov ntsev yooj yim tam sim no hauv cov tshuaj.}

• Thaum pH nce, alkalinity yuav tsum tsis tas yuav tsum tau nce, vim alkalinity txawv ntawm qhov pib.

• Alkalinity yog lub xeev uas muaj pH tus nqi siab dua 7.

• pH kuj ntsuas cov acidity, tsis tsuas yog alkalinity.