Geometric Isomers vs Cov Qauv Isomers
Isomers yog cov sib xyaw sib xyaw nrog tib cov qauv molecular. Muaj ntau hom isomers. Isomers tuaj yeem faib ua ob pawg raws li kev cai lij choj isomers thiab stereoisomers. Constitutional isomers yog isomers qhov twg kev sib txuas ntawm atoms txawv hauv cov molecules. Hauv stereoisomers atoms txuas nrog tib lub sijhawm, tsis zoo li kev cai lij choj isomers. Stereoisomers txawv tsuas yog nyob rau hauv kev npaj ntawm lawv cov atoms nyob rau hauv qhov chaw. Stereoisomers tuaj yeem yog ob hom, enantiomers thiab diastereomers. Diastereomers yog stereoisomers, uas nws cov molecules tsis yog daim iav duab ntawm ib leeg. Enantiomers yog cov stereoisomers, uas nws cov molecules yog cov duab iav tsis pom zoo ntawm ib leeg. Enantiomers tshwm sim tsuas yog nrog chiral molecules. Ib qho chiral molecule yog txhais ua ib qho uas tsis zoo ib yam nrog nws daim iav duab. Yog li ntawd, chiral molecule thiab nws daim iav duab yog enantiomers ntawm ib leeg. Piv txwv li, 2-butanol molecule yog chiral, thiab nws thiab nws daim iav duab yog enantiomers.
Geometric Isomers
Geometric isomers yog hom stereoisomers. Hom isomers no tshwm sim, thaum cov molecules muaj kev txwv kev sib hloov, hauv paus, vim muaj ob daim ntawv cog lus. Thaum muaj ib qho carbon - carbon daim ntawv cog lus, kev sib hloov yog ua tau. Yog li ntawd, txawm li cas los xij peb kos cov atoms, lawv txoj kev npaj yuav zoo ib yam. Tab sis thaum muaj cov pa roj carbon - carbon ob daim ntawv cog lus, peb tuaj yeem kos ob qhov kev npaj ntawm atoms hauv ib lub molecule. Qhov tshwm sim isomers hu ua cis, trans isomers lossis E-Z isomers. Hauv cis isomer, tib hom atoms nyob rau tib sab ntawm lub molecule. Tab sis nyob rau hauv trans isomer, tib hom atoms yog nyob rau hauv opposite sab ntawm lub molecule. Piv txwv li, cov qauv cis thiab trans rau 1, 2-dichloroethane yog raws li hauv qab no.
Rau lub molecule kom muaj geometric isomers, nws tsis yog txaus kom muaj ob daim ntawv cog lus nkaus xwb. Ob lub atoms lossis pawg txuas rau ib kawg ntawm ob daim ntawv cog lus yuav tsum sib txawv. Piv txwv li, tom qab molecule tsis muaj geometric isomers, ob lub atoms ntawm sab laug tes kawg yog hydrogens. Vim li ntawd, yog tias peb kos nws hauv cis lossis trans, ob qho tib si molecules yog tib yam.
Tab sis nws tsis muaj teeb meem yog tias tag nrho plaub pawg sib txuas lossis atoms txawv. Nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd, peb tuaj yeem hu lawv ua E lossis Z.
Structural Isomers
Cov no tseem hu ua kev cai lij choj isomers. Txoj cai isomers yog isomers, qhov twg kev sib txuas ntawm atoms txawv hauv cov molecules. Butane yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws alkane los qhia kev cai lij choj isomerism. Butane muaj ob txoj cai isomers, butane nws tus kheej thiab isobutene.
Vim lawv cov kev sib txuas sib txawv, ob lub molecules muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj. Cov qauv isomers tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm hydrocarbons uas lawv muaj tsawg kawg yog plaub carbon atoms. Muaj peb hom qauv isomers li skeletal, positional thiab functional group isomers. Nyob rau hauv lub skeletal isomerism, raws li tau muab nyob rau hauv cov piv txwv saum toj no, lub skeletal yog rearranged muab txawv isomers. Hauv txoj haujlwm isomers, ib pab pawg ua haujlwm lossis lwm pab pawg hloov txoj haujlwm. Hauv pawg isomers ua haujlwm, txawm hais tias lawv muaj tib lub mis, cov molecules txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ua haujlwm.
Qhov txawv ntawm Geometric Isomers thiab Cov Qauv Isomers yog dab tsi?
• Geometric isomers yog stereoisomers. Yog li ntawd, muaj kev sib txuas kuj zoo ib yam piv rau cov qauv isomers, qhov twg isomers txawv vim atoms kev sib txuas. Nyob rau hauv geometric isomers, lawv txawv vim qhov peb seem ntawm qhov chaw.
• Feem ntau rau ib lub molecule muaj ob lub geometric isomers li cis, trans lossis E, Z, tab sis rau ib lub molecule muaj peev xwm muaj ntau tus qauv isomers.
• Geometric isomerism yog qhov pib qhia los ntawm molecule nrog carbon-carbon ob daim ntawv cog lus. Cov qauv isomerism yog qhia los ntawm alkanes, alkenes, alkynes thiab aromatic compounds, thiab.
