Sib tov vs tshuaj
Cov ntsiab lus ib leeg tsis tshua ruaj khov nyob rau hauv tej yam ntuj tso. Lawv tsim ntau yam kev sib txuas ntawm lawv lossis nrog lwm cov ntsiab lus kom muaj nyob. Tsis yog cov ntsiab lus xwb, cov molecules thiab cov tebchaw kuj nyiam sib xyaw nrog ntau hom tsiaj hauv qhov xwm txheej.
Kev sib tov yog dab tsi?
Ib qho sib tov muaj ob lossis ntau yam tshuaj, uas tsis yog tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke. Lawv tsuas muaj kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm lub cev. Txij li thaum lawv tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam tshuaj lom neeg, hauv kev sib tov, cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg ntawm tus kheej khaws cia yam tsis hloov pauv. Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom ntawm lub cev zoo li melting point, boiling point yuav txawv nyob rau hauv ib tug sib tov piv rau nws tus kheej cov khoom. Yog li cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke tuaj yeem sib cais siv cov khoom siv lub cev. Piv txwv li, hexane tuaj yeem sib cais los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm hexane thiab dej, vim tias hexane boils thiab evaporates ua ntej dej. Tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv ib tug sib tov yuav txawv. Thiab cov nyiaj no tsis muaj qhov piv txwv. Yog li ntawd, txawm tias ob qho kev sib xyaw uas muaj cov tshuaj zoo sib xws tuaj yeem sib txawv, vim qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv qhov sib xyaw ua ke. Kev daws, alloys, colloids, suspensions yog hom kev sib tov. Kev sib xyaw ua ke tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob hom sib xyaw ua ke thiab sib xyaw ua ke. Ib homogeneous sib tov yog uniform; yog li ntawd, cov khoom ntawm tus kheej tsis tuaj yeem raug cais tawm. Tab sis qhov sib tov sib xyaw ua ke muaj ob lossis ntau theem thiab cov khoom tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas tus kheej.
Kev daws yog dab tsi?
Ib tshuaj yog ib homogeneous sib tov ntawm ob los yog ntau yam tshuaj. Nws yog hu ua homogenous sib tov, vim hais tias muaj pes tsawg leeg yog uniform thoob plaws hauv cov tshuaj. Lub Cheebtsam ntawm kev daws yog feem ntau ntawm ob hom, cov kuab tshuaj thiab cov kuab tshuaj. Solvent dissolves lub solutes thiab tsim ib qho kev daws teeb meem. Yog li, feem ntau cov kuab tshuaj yog siab dua li cov kuab tshuaj. Tag nrho cov khoom hauv cov tshuaj muaj qhov loj ntawm cov molecule lossis ib qho ion, yog li lawv tsis tuaj yeem pom los ntawm qhov muag liab qab. Cov kev daws teeb meem tuaj yeem muaj xim yog tias cov kuab tshuaj los yog cov kuab tshuaj tuaj yeem nqus pom lub teeb. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kev daws teeb meem feem ntau yog pob tshab. Cov kuab tshuaj tuaj yeem nyob hauv cov kua, gaseous lossis cov khoom hauv lub xeev. Cov kuab tshuaj feem ntau yog kua. Ntawm cov kua, dej yog suav tias yog cov kuab tshuaj universal, vim tias nws tuaj yeem yaj ntau yam ntau dua li lwm cov kuab tshuaj. Gas, khoom los yog lwm yam kua solute yuav yaj nyob rau hauv cov kua solvents. Hauv cov kuab tshuaj roj, tsuas yog cov kua roj ntsha tuaj yeem yaj. Muaj ib qho kev txwv rau tus nqi ntawm cov kuab tshuaj uas tuaj yeem muab ntxiv rau qee yam ntawm cov kuab tshuaj. Cov tshuaj tau hais kom saturated yog tias qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov kuab tshuaj ntxiv rau cov kuab tshuaj. Yog tias muaj cov kuab tshuaj tsawg heev, cov tshuaj yog diluted, thiab yog tias muaj cov kuab tshuaj ntau hauv cov tshuaj, nws yog cov tshuaj concentrated. Los ntawm kev ntsuas qhov concentration ntawm cov tshuaj, peb tuaj yeem tau txais ib lub tswv yim hais txog tus nqi ntawm cov kuab tshuaj hauv cov tshuaj.
Dab tsi yog qhov sib txawv ntawm kev sib xyaw thiab tshuaj?
• Tshuaj yog ib hom sib tov. Cov kev daws teeb meem muaj cov kuab tshuaj thiab cov kuab tshuaj.
• Sib tov muaj ob lossis ntau yam tshuaj, uas tsis yog tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke. Lawv tsuas muaj kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm lub cev. Cov tshuaj yog ib homogeneous sib tov ntawm ob los yog ntau yam tshuaj.
