Elements vs Compounds
Atoms yog cov chav me me, uas sau los ua txhua yam tshuaj uas twb muaj lawm. Atoms tuaj yeem koom nrog lwm cov atoms hauv ntau txoj hauv kev, yog li tsim ntau txhiab tus molecules thiab lwm cov tebchaw. Raws li lawv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob pub dawb lossis tshem tawm lub peev xwm, lawv tuaj yeem tsim cov ntawv cog lus cog lus lossis ionic bonds. Qee zaum muaj qhov tsis muaj zog heev ntawm cov atoms. Cov tub ntxhais kawm chemistry yuav tsum muaj lub tswv yim txog "cov ntsiab lus" thiab "cov ntsiab lus", thiab sib txawv ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus no.
Dab tsi yog Element?
Peb yeej paub lo lus "khoom," vim peb kawm txog lawv nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm. Muaj txog 118 lub ntsiab lus tau muab rau hauv lub rooj zaum raws li lawv tus lej atomic. Ib lub caij yog cov tshuaj lom neeg, uas muaj tib hom atoms nkaus xwb; li no, lawv yog neeg dawb huv. Piv txwv li, cov khoom me tshaj plaws yog cov hydrogen thiab nyiaj, kub, platinum yog qee yam uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Txhua lub ntsiab lus muaj atomic mass, atomic tooj, cim, hluav taws xob configuration, thiab lwm yam. Txawm hais tias feem ntau ntawm cov ntsiab yog ib txwm tshwm sim, muaj ib co ntawm cov khoom xws li Californium, Americium, Einsteinium, thiab Mendelevium. Tag nrho cov ntsiab lus tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb pawg xws li hlau, metalloids thiab non-metals. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv tau muab faib ua pawg thiab lub sijhawm raws li cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb. Cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv tib pab pawg los yog lub sij hawm sib koom ua ke qee yam yam ntxwv, thiab qee qhov khoom yuav hloov tau raws li thaum koj mus dhau ib pab pawg lossis lub sijhawm. Cov ntsiab lus tuaj yeem raug hloov pauv tshuaj los ua ntau yam sib xyaw; Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntsiab lus tsis tuaj yeem tawg ntxiv los ntawm cov txheej txheem tshuaj yooj yim. Muaj cov atoms ntawm tib lub caij nrog ntau tus lej ntawm neutrons; cov no yog hu ua isotopes ntawm ib lub caij.
Dab tsi yog Compound?
Cov tshuaj yog cov tshuaj uas tsim los ntawm ob lossis ntau dua cov tshuaj sib txawv. Kev sib xyaw ntawm ob lossis ntau dua ntawm tib cov tshuaj tsis yog suav tias yog cov khoom sib txuas tab sis hu ua molecules. Piv txwv li, diatomic molecules zoo li O2, H2, N2 lossis polyatomic molecules zoo li P 4 tsis suav tias yog cov tebchaw, tab sis lawv suav tias yog molecules. NaCl, H2O, HNO3, and C6H12 O6 yog qee qhov piv txwv ntawm cov sib xyaw ua ke. Yog li ntawd, cov tebchaw yog ib feem ntawm cov molecules. Cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv ib tug compound yog koom ua ke los ntawm covalent bonds, ionic bonds, metallic bonds, thiab lwm yam. Cov qauv ntawm cov compound muab tus naj npawb ntawm atoms nyob rau hauv lub compound thiab lawv ratios. Nyob rau hauv ib qho kev sib xyaw, cov khoom muaj nyob rau hauv ib qho kev faib ua feem. Peb tuaj yeem pom cov ntsiab lus no yooj yim los ntawm kev saib cov tshuaj formula ntawm ib qho kev sib xyaw. Cov compounds ruaj khov, thiab lawv muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo, xim, khoom, thiab lwm yam.
Qhov txawv ntawm Elements thiab Compounds yog dab tsi?
• Cov ntsiab lus yog cov khoom ntshiab, uas muaj tib hom atom nkaus xwb. Hauv ib qho kev sib xyaw, ob lossis ntau lub ntsiab lus raug khi ua ke.
• Hauv qhov sib xyaw, cov ntsiab lus muaj nyob hauv qhov piv txwv.
• Cov khoom ntawm cov khoom feem ntau hloov pauv tag nrho thaum lawv yog ib feem ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw.
• Muaj cov kev sib cog lus ruaj khov ntawm cov atoms ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw, tab sis hauv cov khoom, tuaj yeem muaj hlau bonds, lossis tsis muaj zog tsis muaj zog.
