Photon vs Phonon
Phon thiab photon yog ob lo lus ze heev, uas tuaj yeem yuam kev rau tib yam. Lub photon yog ib pob khoom ntawm lub zog, uas yog lub hauv paus ntawm quantum mechanics. Lub phonon yog kev sib sau ua ke ntawm ntau lub atoms. Ob lub ntsiab lus no tseem ceeb heev hauv physics. Photon txoj kev xav yog qhov kev xav hauv qab uas feem ntau ntawm cov physics niaj hnub nyob ntawm. Phonon kuj tseem yog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv kev kawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab lawv cov oscillations sab hauv. Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav tham txog dab tsi phonon thiab photon yog, lawv qhov zoo sib xws, lawv cov ntsiab lus, kev siv phonon thiab photon thiab thaum kawg qhov txawv ntawm photon thiab phonon.
Photon yog dab tsi?
Photon yog ib lub ntsiab lus tham hauv yoj tshuab. Nyob rau hauv quantum txoj kev xav, nws tau pom tias nthwv dej kuj muaj particle zog. Lub quantum txoj kev xav ntawm lub teeb qhia tias lub teeb mus hauv cov pob ntawm nthwv dej. Txhua lub pob ntawv nthwv dej no coj tus yam ntxwv. Lub photon yog qhov particle ntawm nthwv dej. Nws yog ib tug ruaj npaum li cas ntawm lub zog nyob ntawm seb lub zaus ntawm lub nthwv dej. Lub zog ntawm photon yog muab los ntawm qhov sib npaug E=h f, qhov E yog lub zog ntawm photon, h yog Plank tas li, thiab f yog qhov zaus ntawm nthwv dej. Photons raug suav hais tias yog pob khoom ntawm lub zog. Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev sib raug zoo, nws tau pom tias nthwv dej kuj muaj qhov loj. Qhov no yog vim cov nthwv dej coj tus yam ntxwv ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam nrog cov teeb meem. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov seem ntawm lub photon yog xoom. Thaum lub photon txav nrog lub teeb nrawm, nws muaj qhov sib npaug ntawm E / C 2, qhov E yog lub zog ntawm photon thiab C yog cov noob ntawm lub teeb hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev.
Phonon yog dab tsi?
Nyob rau hauv cov teeb meem condensed xws li cov khib nyiab thiab qee cov kua dej, cov khoom siv qhia cov cwj pwm elastic hauv qib atomic. Cov kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov atoms thiab cov ntawv cog lus intermolecular yog elastic. Qhov no ua rau cov atoms thiab molecules oscillate. Kev sib koom ua ke nyob rau hauv ib ntus, elastic kev npaj ntawm atoms lossis molecules hauv cov teeb meem condensed yog hu ua phonon. Ib txheej ntawm cov oscillating hais feem ntau hu ua quasi-particle. Hauv quantum mechanics, ib qho hluav taws xob oscillating hauv ib daim ntawv cog lus yog suav tias yog ib qho quantum zoo. Txij li thaum lub quasi-particle yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, nws tuaj yeem suav tias yog ob sab lossis peb qhov quantum systems. Lub phonon yog ib hom kev co tshwj xeeb hauv lub lattice qhov twg txhua qhov particle oscillates nrog tib zaus. Qhov no yog hu ua hom ib txwm nyob rau hauv classical mechanics. Qhov no yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev siv Fourier theorem los xam cov zaus ntawm kev txav ntawm cov lattice txav raws li qhov tseem ceeb zaus.
Qhov txawv ntawm Phonon thiab Photon yog dab tsi?
• Ib tug photon yog ib daim ntawv ntawm lub zog tab sis lub phonon yog ib hom oscillation uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lattice lug.
• Ib qho photon tuaj yeem suav tau tias yog nthwv dej thiab ib feem, uas yog lub cev saib xyuas. Lub phonon yog hom kev vibration, uas tsis yog nthwv dej lossis ib qho particle.
