Qhov txawv ntawm Alkali thiab Acid

2024 Tus sau: Alex Aldridge | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 13:40

Alkali vs Acid

Lo lus alkali feem ntau siv sib hloov los hais txog cov ntsiab lus yooj yim heev thiab alkali hlau. Hauv cov ntsiab lus no, alkali raug xa mus rau alkali hlau.

Alkali

Alkali lub sij hawm feem ntau yog siv rau cov hlau hauv pawg 1 ntawm lub sijhawm. Cov no tseem hu ua alkali hlau. Txawm hais tias H kuj suav nrog hauv pab pawg no, nws txawv me ntsis. Yog li ntawd, lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), Rubidium (Rb), Cesium (Cs), thiab Francium (Fr) yog cov tswv cuab ntawm pawg no. Alkali hlau yog mos, ci, silvery xim hlau. Lawv txhua tus tsuas muaj ib qho hluav taws xob hauv lawv lub plhaub sab nrauv, thiab lawv nyiam tshem tawm qhov no thiab tsim +1 cations. Thaum sab nraud feem ntau cov electrons zoo siab, nws rov qab los rau hauv av thaum emitting hluav taws xob nyob rau hauv qhov pom ntau yam. Lub emission ntawm no electron yog ib qho yooj yim, yog li alkali hlau yog heev reactive. Lub reactivity nce hauv kab. Lawv tsim ionic compounds nrog rau lwm cov electronegative atoms. Qhov tseeb dua, alkali raug xa mus rau carbonate lossis hydroxide ntawm alkali hlau. Lawv kuj muaj cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb. Lawv iab hauv saj, nplua, thiab hnov mob nrog cov kua qaub kom ua rau lawv tsis zoo.

Acid

Acids tau txhais ntau txoj hauv kev los ntawm ntau tus kws tshawb fawb. Arrhenius txhais cov kua qaub ua ib yam khoom uas pub H3O⁺ ions hauv cov tshuaj. Bronsted- Lowry txhais lub hauv paus ua ib yam khoom uas tuaj yeem txais tau ib qho proton. Lewis acid txhais tau ntau dua li ob qho saum toj no. Raws li nws, txhua tus khub electron pub dawb yog lub hauv paus. Raws li lub Arrhenius los yog Bronsted-Lowry txhais, ib tug compound yuav tsum muaj ib tug hydrogen thiab muaj peev xwm los pub nws raws li ib tug proton los ua ib tug acid. Tab sis raws li Lewis, tuaj yeem muaj cov molecules, uas tsis muaj hydrogen, tab sis tuaj yeem ua raws li cov kua qaub. Piv txwv li, BCl_{3 yog Lewis acid, vim nws tuaj yeem txais ib khub electron. Ib qho cawv tuaj yeem yog Bronsted-Lowry acid, vim tias nws tuaj yeem pub dawb rau proton; Txawm li cas los xij, raws li Lewis, nws yuav yog lub hauv paus.}

Txawm hais tias tsis hais cov ntsiab lus saum toj no, peb ib txwm txheeb xyuas cov kua qaub ua tus pub dawb proton. Acids muaj qaub saj. Txiv qaub kua txiv, vinegar yog ob tug acids peb tuaj nyob rau hauv peb lub tsev. Lawv hnov mob nrog cov hauv paus tsim dej, thiab lawv hnov mob nrog hlau los ua H₂,; yog li, nce hlau corrosion tus nqi. Cov kua qaub tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob, raws li lawv lub peev xwm los sib cais thiab tsim cov protons. Cov kua qaub muaj zog zoo li HCl, HNO ₃ yog ionized tag nrho hauv cov tshuaj kom muab cov protons. Cov acids tsis muaj zog xws li CH₃COOH yog ib feem dissociates thiab muab tsawg dua ntawm cov protons. K_{a yog cov kua qaub dissociation tas mus li. Nws muab ib qho kev qhia txog lub peev xwm los poob ib tug proton ntawm ib tug qaug zog acid. Txhawm rau xyuas seb cov khoom puas yog cov kua qaub lossis tsis yog, peb tuaj yeem siv ntau qhov ntsuas xws li litmus ntawv lossis pH ntawv. Hauv pH nplai, los ntawm 1-6 acids yog sawv cev. Cov kua qaub nrog pH 1 tau hais tias muaj zog heev, thiab raws li tus nqi pH nce, acidity poob qis. Ntxiv mus, acids tig xiav litmus rau liab.}

Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm Alkali thiab Acid?

• Alkali tuaj yeem ua lub hauv paus; yog li ntawd, lawv txais cov protons. Acids pub protons.

• Alkali muaj pH qhov tseem ceeb tshaj 7, whereas acids muaj pH qhov qis dua 7.

• Acids tig xiav litmus rau liab thiab alkali daws teeb liab litmus rau xiav.

• Acids muaj qaub saj, thiab alkalis muaj ib tug iab saj thiab xab npum zoo li nkig.