Qhov txawv ntawm IP thiab DNS

2024 Tus sau: Alex Aldridge | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 13:40

IP vs DNS

Muaj ob txoj hauv kev siv lub npe tseem ceeb hauv Is Taws Nem: IP chaw nyob thiab Domain naming hierarchy. Cov npe Domain tau khaws cia thiab txhais rau IP chaw nyob los ntawm DNS.

IP yog dab tsi?

IP lossis Is Taws Nem raws tu qauv ua haujlwm ob lub hom phiaj: txhais cov cai rau IP chaw nyob rau kev muab qhov chaw nyob tus lej rau txhua qhov chaw hauv TCP / IP raws li kev sib txuas thiab kev xa lossis thauj cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm cov tswv tsev mus rau qhov chaw. hosts.

Ntawm cov haujlwm no, IP chaw nyob yog qhov tseem ceeb, vim nws yog qhov chaw ntawm ib lub koom haum lossis tus tswv tsev li cas (xws li lub khoos phis tawj lossis lub tshuab luam ntawv), tau lees paub hauv IP raws li network. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov tseeb Routing ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kuj ua tiav los ntawm IP chaw nyob.

Ib tus IP chaw nyob feem ntau yog ib qho tshwj xeeb 32-ntsis (IPv4) lossis 128-ntsis (IPv6) binary tus lej uas tau muab rau ib lub koom haum ntawm lub network, los ntawm Internet Assigned Number Authority. Rau qhov yooj yim ntawm tib neeg cov neeg siv, cov chaw nyob IP no tau muab khaws cia rau hauv hom lej lej. Muab hauv qab no yog piv txwv ntawm tus IP chaw nyob.

IP chaw nyob muaj ob hom: IP chaw nyob ruaj khov, uas nyob ruaj khov, thiab raug xa mus rau tus tswv tsev manually los ntawm tus thawj tswj hwm, thiab Dynamic IP chaw nyob, uas tau muab rov ua dua txhua zaus tus tswv tsev txuas nrog lub network los ntawm lub server siv DHCP.

DNS yog dab tsi?

DNS lossis Domain Naming System yog ib qho txheej txheem hierarchical rau npe computers lossis lwm yam kev pabcuam txuas nrog lub network. Nws pab txhawb lub npe ntawm cov pab pawg ntawm cov neeg siv thiab cov peev txheej, tsis quav ntsej lawv lub cev qhov chaw, uas ua kom yooj yim rau cov neeg siv, vim lawv tsuas yog yuav tsum paub URL lossis E-mail chaw nyob kom nkag mus rau cov tswv lossis cov peev txheej yam tsis muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog lawv lub cev nrhiav lawv li cas. Nws kuj tseem muaj cov kab ke ntawm cov npe sau npe thiab lawv qhov chaw nyob IP lossis qhov chaw nyob hauv lub cev, kom nws tuaj yeem nrhiav tus tswv lossis cov peev txheej qhia los ntawm cov npe sau npe nkag los ntawm Cov Neeg Siv.

Ib lub npe sau npe, (uas yog tsim raws li cov cai hauv DNS raws tu qauv) muaj peb lossis ntau qhov chaw (hu ua cov ntawv sau), feem ntau sib txuas los ntawm dots.

Raws li tau piav qhia saum toj no, Domain Naming hierarchy yog tsim los ntawm sab xis-feem mus rau sab laug-feem ntau ntawm lub npe sau npe. Hauv qhov piv txwv saum toj no, "com" yog lub npe saum toj kawg nkaus Domain thiab "differencebetween.com" yog sub-domain ntawm TLD "com". Thiab www.differencebetween.com yog sub-domain ntawm sub-domain "differencebetween.com". Thaum nws los txog rau cov npe sau npe xws li www.example.co.uk, lub npe "co" raug xa mus rau qhov thib ob-Level Domain. Txhua daim ntawv tuaj yeem muaj txog 63 tus cim thiab txhua lub npe sau tsis tuaj yeem tshaj qhov ntev ntawm 253 tus cim.

Yog tias lub npe sau npe cuam tshuam nrog qee qhov chaw nyob IP, cov npe no raug xa mus rau Hostnames. Piv txwv li, www.differencebetween.com thiab qhov sib txawvbetween.com yog hostnames, thaum TLDs xws li.com lossis.org tsis yog, vim lawv tsis cuam tshuam nrog ib tus IP chaw nyob.

Domain Name System ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hierarchical, uas muaj cov ceg me me hu ua Lub Npe servers. Thaum ib tug neeg txhais lus ntawm lub npe sau npe thov, yog lub zos DNS lub npe neeg rau zaub mov tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov npe, nws xa ib daim ntawv thov mus rau ib qho ntawm 13 Hauv paus DNS Servers, nyob thoob ntiaj teb. Lub hauv paus DNS server ces hu rau TLD DNS server (org, com, thiab lwm yam) rau cov ntaub ntawv cached ntawm lub npe sau npe. Tom qab ntawd lub TLD DNS server hu rau Authoritative DNS server, uas muaj cov ntsiab lus hais txog sub-domains.

Qhov txawv ntawm IP thiab DNS yog dab tsi?

• IP thiab DNS yog ob qho tib si naming systems rau chaw nyob rau npe chaw faib rau cov koom haum hauv Network.

• Thaum cov chaw nyob IP yog qhov chaw tiag tiag uas cov chaw nyob, DNS tsuas yog muab lub npe rau lub koom haum, raws li qee qhov kev cai. Piv txwv li, DNS zoo ib yam li lub npe ntawm ib qho chaw, thiab IP chaw nyob zoo ib yam li qhov chaw nyob rau lub cev ntawm qhov chaw. Thaum ib tus neeg siv hom Domain Name, DNS txhais lub npe sau rau hauv IP chaw nyob thiab nrhiav tus tswv lub cev.

• Tsis tas li, DNS muab lub npe sau npe rau ib qho chaw uas yooj yim nco tau los ntawm cov neeg siv, thiab tus IP muab tus lej tus nqi rau lub network.