IP vs MAC Chaw nyob
IP Chaw Nyob yog dab tsi?
Nyob hauv lub network uas siv Internet Protocol los sib txuas lus ntawm cov chaw xws li khoos phis tawj lossis cov tshuab luam ntawv ntawm lub network, daim ntawv lo rau cov lej lossis chaw nyob uas muab rau txhua qhov chaw hu ua IP chaw nyob (Internet Protocol Address). IP chaw nyob ua haujlwm rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev txheeb xyuas thiab nrhiav txhua qhov chaw sib cais hauv lub network ntawm qib interface thiab ua haujlwm ntawm Network Txheej txheej ntawm OSI qauv.
IP chaw nyob muaj ob hom nyob ntawm tus lej ntawm cov khoom siv los khaws qhov chaw nyob, uas yog Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) uas yog tsim nrog 32 ntsis chaw nyob hom thiab siv dav tshaj plaws, thiab Internet Protocol Version 6 (Ipv6)) tsim nrog 128 cov khoom hais txog hom hauv 90's lig. Txawm hais tias IP chaw nyob yog tus lej binary, feem ntau nws tau khaws cia hauv tus tswv tsev hauv hom tib neeg nyeem tau. Lub Chaw Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Tus Xov Tooj Hauv Is Taws Nem tswj hwm qhov chaw thiab npe faib rau IP chaw nyob thoob ntiaj teb.
IP chaw nyob muaj ob hom; IP chaw nyob ruaj khov yog nyob ruaj khov thiab raug xa mus rau tus tswv tsev manually los ntawm Tus Thawj Coj. Dynamic IP chaw nyob yog muab tshiab rau tus tswv tsev txhua zaus nws tau booted los ntawm lub computer interface, host software lossis los ntawm ib tus neeg rau zaub mov siv DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) lossis Point-to-Point Protocol, uas yog cov thev naus laus zis siv los muab Dynamic IP chaw nyob..
Dynamic IP chaw nyob yog siv kom cov thawj coj tsis tas yuav muab IP chaw nyob manually rau txhua tus tswv tsev. Tab sis qee zaum, xws li hauv kev txhais lub npe sau npe rau tus IP chaw nyob los ntawm DNS (Domain Name System), nws yog qhov tseem ceeb kom muaj qhov chaw nyob IP zoo li nws yuav tsis tuaj yeem nrhiav qhov chaw nyob ntawm tus sau yog tias nws muaj qhov chaw nyob IP. nquag hloov chaw IP chaw nyob.
MAC Chaw Nyob yog dab tsi?
MAC Chaw Nyob lossis Media Access Control Chaw nyob yog kho vajtse lossis chaw nyob hauv lub cev cuam tshuam nrog Network Adapter ntawm tus tswv tsev thiab raug muab los ntawm Tus Tsim Khoom ntawm NIC (Network Interface Card). MAC Chaw Nyob ua haujlwm ntawm Cov Ntaub Ntawv Txuas Txheej Txheej ntawm OSI Model thiab ua haujlwm raws li cov cim tshwj xeeb ntawm txhua tus adapter nyob rau theem qis hauv Local Area Network (LAN).
Txhua MAC Chaw Nyob muaj 48 khoom, nrog rau sab sauv ib nrab muaj tus lej ID ntawm Adapter Chaw Tsim Tshuaj, thiab ib nrab qis muaj tus lej cim tshwj xeeb muab rau txhua tus Network Adapter los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom thiab khaws cia hauv Adapter's hardware.
| Txoj kev cim tshwj xeeb (3 bytes) | Network Interface Controller Tshwj Xeeb (3 bytes) |
MAC Chaw Nyob yog tsim raws li cov cai ntawm ob qho ntawm peb lub npe chaw nyob MAC -48, EUI -48, thiab EUI - 64, tswj hwm los ntawm IEEE.
Qhov txawv ntawm IP Chaw Nyob thiab MAC Chaw Nyob yog dab tsi?
Txawm hais tias IP chaw nyob thiab MAC Chaw nyob ob qho tib si ua haujlwm rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev muab tus tswv lub cim tshwj xeeb hauv Network, nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej thiab kev ua haujlwm, ob qho no muaj ntau qhov sib txawv. Thaum cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm ntawm Chaw nyob raug txiav txim siab, thaum MAC Chaw nyob ua haujlwm hauv Cov Ntaub Ntawv Txuas Txheej, IP chaw nyob ua haujlwm hauv Network Layer.
MAC chaw nyob muab qhov cim tshwj xeeb rau kho vajtse interface ntawm lub network, qhov chaw IP muab qhov cim tshwj xeeb rau software interface ntawm Network. Tsis tas li ntawd, yog tias txoj haujlwm ntawm qhov chaw nyob raug txiav txim siab, MAC chaw nyob raug muab mus tas li rau cov adapters thiab tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv vim lawv yog qhov chaw nyob ntawm lub cev. Hauv qhov sib piv, IP chaw nyob, xws li zoo li qub lossis dynamic, tuaj yeem hloov kho raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua vim lawv yog cov chaw tsim khoom lossis chaw nyob. Tsis tas li ntawd, MAC chaw nyob tuaj yeem ua ke thaum nws los txog rau Hauv Cheeb Tsam Networks.
Yog tias hom ntawv raug txiav txim siab, IP chaw nyob siv 32 lossis 128 qhov chaw nyob ntev thaum MAC chaw nyob siv 48 qhov chaw nyob ntev. Hauv kev pom yooj yim, IP chaw nyob tuaj yeem suav tau los txhawb kev siv software thiab MAC chaw nyob tuaj yeem suav tias yog txhawb nqa kev siv kho vajtse ntawm lub network.
Txawm hais tias muaj qhov sib txawv, IP tes hauj lwm tswj xyuas qhov chaw nyob ntawm MAC chaw nyob thiab IP chaw nyob ntawm ib lub cuab yeej, hu ua ARP lossis Chaw Nyob Kev daws teeb meem.
