Superconductor vs Perfect Conductor
Superconductors thiab zoo meej conductors yog ob lo lus siv dav hauv electronics. Ob qhov xwm txheej no feem ntau yog to taub yuam kev ua ib qho. Kab lus no yuav sim tshem tawm qhov kev nkag siab tsis zoo los ntawm kev nthuav qhia qhov zoo sib xws thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm tus superconductor thiab tus neeg xyuas pib zoo meej.
Tus neeg coj zoo meej yog dab tsi?
Kev coj ua ntawm cov khoom siv ncaj qha nrog kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov khoom. Kev tiv thaiv yog ib qho cuab yeej tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob. Qhov kev tawm tsam hauv cov ntsiab lus zoo qhia peb tias nws nyuaj npaum li cas rau qhov hluav taws xob ntws. Hauv kev txiav txim siab ntau, qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus tuaj yeem txhais tau tias yog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov voltage uas yuav tsum tau coj ib chav tsev tam sim no hla ob lub ntsiab lus. Hluav taws xob tsis kam yog qhov hloov pauv ntawm hluav taws xob conduction. Qhov kev tiv thaiv ntawm ib qho khoom yog txhais tau tias yog qhov piv ntawm qhov hluav taws xob thoob plaws qhov khoom mus rau qhov tam sim no ntws los ntawm nws. Qhov kev tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv ib tug conductor nyob ntawm seb tus nqi ntawm cov dawb electrons nyob rau hauv nruab nrab. Qhov tsis kam ntawm ib qho semiconductor feem ntau yog nyob ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm doping atoms siv (impurity concentration). Qhov kev tawm tsam qhov system qhia rau qhov hloov pauv tam sim no txawv ntawm qhov ntawd mus rau qhov tam sim no ncaj qha. Yog li ntawd, lub sij hawm impedance yog qhia nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav ua kom AC kuj xam tau yooj yim dua. Ohm txoj cai yog tib txoj cai lij choj uas muaj hwj chim tshaj plaws thaum lub ntsiab lus tsis kam tham. Nws hais tias rau qhov muab qhov kub thiab txias, qhov sib piv ntawm qhov hluav taws xob hla ob lub ntsiab lus, mus rau qhov tam sim no dhau los ntawm cov ntsiab lus, yog tas li. Qhov no tsis tu ncua yog hu ua qhov tsis kam ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus. Qhov tsis kam yog ntsuas hauv Ohms. Tus neeg xyuas pib zoo meej yog cov khoom siv uas tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv txhua yam mob. Tus neeg xyuas pib zoo meej tsis tas yuav muaj qhov cuam tshuam sab nraud kom tswj tau qhov zoo tshaj plaws conductivity. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws conductivity yog ib qho teeb meem ntawm lub tswv yim, uas yog qee zaum siv los ua kom yooj yim rau kev suav thiab tsim qhov twg qhov kev tiv thaiv tsis zoo.
Tus superconductor yog dab tsi?
Superconductivity tau tshawb pom los ntawm Heike Kamerlingh Onnes nyob rau xyoo 1911. Nws yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov muaj pes tsawg tus tiv taus thaum cov khoom nyob rau hauv ib qho kev ntsuas kub. Superconductivity tsuas tuaj yeem pom hauv qee yam khoom. Raws li txoj cai, yog tias cov khoom yog superconductive, magnetic teb tsis tuaj yeem nyob hauv cov khoom. Qhov no tuaj yeem pom los ntawm cov nyhuv Meissner, uas yog qhov ua tiav ejection ntawm magnetic teb kab los ntawm sab hauv ntawm cov khoom raws li cov khoom hloov mus rau lub xeev superconducting. Superconductivity yog quantum mechanical phenomenon thiab piav qhia txog lub xeev ntawm superconductor, kev paub hauv quantum mechanics yog xav tau. Qhov ntsuas kub ntawm lub superconductor hu ua qhov ntsuas kub tseem ceeb. Thaum qhov ntsuas kub ntawm cov khoom txo qis dhau qhov ntsuas kub tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv tam sim ntawd poob rau xoom. Qhov kub tseem ceeb ntawm superconductors feem ntau yog qis dua 10 Kelvin. Cov kub kub superconductors, uas tau pom tsis ntev los no, tuaj yeem muaj qhov kub thiab txias siab li 130 Kelvin lossis ntau dua.
Qhov txawv ntawm Superconductor thiab Perfect Conductor yog dab tsi?
• Superconductivity yog ib qho tshwm sim tshwm sim hauv lub neej tiag tiag, thaum zoo meej conductivity yog qhov kev xav ua kom yooj yim rau kev suav.
• Cov Khoom Uas Zoo Tshaj Plaws tuaj yeem muaj qhov kub thiab txias, tab sis cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsuas yog muaj nyob hauv qab qhov kub tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom.
