Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm electron thiab beta particle yog tias electron yog qhov tseem ceeb tsis zoo them thaum beta particle tuaj yeem yog +1 them lossis -1 them.
Lub sij hawm elementary particles hais txog cov khoom uas tsis muaj cov qauv pom. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias cov khoom no tsis tuaj yeem txo lossis sib cais ua cov khoom me me. Electrons thiab quarks yog cov khoom zoo li no.
Electron yog dab tsi?
Ib lub tshuab hluav taws xob yog ib qho me me uas tuaj nyob hauv tsev neeg Lepton, thiab nws muaj qhov tsis zoo. Tus nqi ntawm cov khoom no yog -1. Nws yog ib qho fermionic thiab thawj tiam particle uas qhia txog kev ua haujlwm hauv lub ntiajteb txawj nqus, electromagnetic, thiab tsis muaj zog. Peb tuaj yeem pom tus electron li e-. Lub antiparticle ntawm ib tug electron yog ib tug positron.
Txoj kev xav txog lub tshuab hluav taws xob thawj zaug tau los ua ib puag ncig 1838-1851 los ntawm Richard Laming thiab Johnstone Stoney. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm electron tau tsim los ntawm J. J. Thomson. Qhov loj ntawm ib qho hluav taws xob tuaj yeem muab tau li 9.109… x 10-31 kg. Tus nqi hluav taws xob ntawm cov khoom no tuaj yeem muab tau raws li 1.602… x 10-19 C. Cov hluav taws xob muaj qhov tig ntawm ½.
Daim duab 01: Electrons nyob rau hauv txawv Atomic Orbital Clouds
Ib qho hluav taws xob tshwm sim hauv ib lub atom ua ib qho subatomic particle, thiab lwm yam loj subatomic hais yog protons thiab neutrons. Feem ntau, qhov loj ntawm ib qho hluav taws xob yog kwv yees li 1836 npaug me dua li qhov loj ntawm ib qho proton. Thaum xav txog quantum mechanical zog ntawm ib lub tshuab hluav taws xob, nws muaj qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub zog ntawm ½ tus nqi, thiab peb tuaj yeem qhia nws hauv cov units ntawm Planck txo qis. Tsis muaj ob lub tshuab hluav taws xob tuaj yeem nyob hauv tib lub xeev quantum vim tias cov hluav taws xob yog fermions, uas ua rau cov khoom no coj raws li Pauli txoj cai cais tawm. Ntxiv mus, zoo ib yam li tag nrho lwm cov ntsiab lus, electrons tuaj yeem coj tus cwj pwm ob qho tib si raws li nthwv dej thiab particle. Qhov no txhais tau tias electrons tuaj yeem sib tsoo nrog lwm cov khoom (particle xwm) thiab tuaj yeem cuam tshuam los ntawm lub teeb (yoj xwm).
Feem ntau, electrons ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov xwm txheej sib txawv, suav nrog hluav taws xob, hlau nplaum, chemistry, thiab thermal conductivity. Ntxiv mus, cov khoom no tuaj yeem koom nrog hauv gravitational, electromagnetic, thiab kev cuam tshuam tsis muaj zog. Tus nqi ntawm cov hluav taws xob ua rau hluav taws xob nyob ib puag ncig lawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tau koom nrog ntau yam kev siv, suav nrog kev sib txhuam, hluav taws xob, hluav taws xob, hluav taws xob, hluav taws xob, hluav taws xob, vuam, cathode-ray tubes, photoelectricity, electron microscope, hluav taws xob kho, laser, thiab lwm yam.
Dab tsi yog Beta Particle?
Ib beta particle yog lub zog siab thiab ceev hluav taws xob lossis positron uas tau tawm los ntawm cov nucleus ntawm qee cov radionuclides thaum lub sijhawm hluav taws xob tawg. Lub cim los qhia txog qhov no yog β. Peb hu qhov no decay beta decay.
Daim duab 02: Kev Nkag Siab Muaj Peev Xwm ntawm Alpha, Beta, thiab Gamma Particle Rays
YA beta particle tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv ob txoj hauv kev raws li β - lwj thiab β + lwj. Ob hom no tsim electrons thiab positrons, feem. Lub zog ntawm beta particle yog hais txog 0.5 MeV. Nws muaj qhov ntev ntawm meters hauv huab cua. Qhov kev ncua deb no nyob ntawm lub zog ntawm cov particle. Feem ntau, beta hais tuaj nyob rau hauv ionizing hluav taws xob, thiab nws yog comparatively ionizing ntau tshaj gamma rays. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog ionizing tsawg dua alpha hais. Siab dua cov nyhuv ionizing, txo lub zog ntawm kev nkag mus.
Hauv kev sib piv ntawm alpha, beta, thiab gamma rays, beta muaj lub zog nkag mus rau nruab nrab thiab lub zog ionizing nruab nrab. Ib qho beta particle feem ntau tuaj yeem nres los ntawm ob peb millimeters ntawm txhuas. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis tau txhais hais tias peb tsis tuaj yeem tiv thaiv beta rays los ntawm ib daim ntawv. Qhov no yog vim cov rays tuaj yeem qeeb hauv qhov teeb meem.
Qhov txawv ntawm Electron thiab Beta Particle yog dab tsi?
Electrons thiab beta hais yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv cov ntsiab lus. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm ib qho hluav taws xob thiab beta particle yog tias ib qho hluav taws xob yog qhov tseem ceeb tsis zoo, qhov twg beta particle tuaj yeem yog +1 them lossis -1 them.
Cov lus hauv qab no qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm ib qho hluav taws xob thiab beta particle.
Summary – Electron vs Beta Particle
Muaj ntau hom feeb particles hauv chemistry txog atoms. Electrons thiab beta hais yog ob hom hais. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm ib qho hluav taws xob thiab beta particle yog tias ib qho hluav taws xob yog qhov tseem ceeb tsis zoo, qhov twg beta particle tuaj yeem yog +1 them lossis -1 them.
